Bullying Research Paper

No matter who you are in the world, at some point in your life you’ll experience some form of bullying. Whether it is in school or online, bullying is a serious issue and has significantly impacted many individuals and how they live their daily lives. This issue hits close to home because I’ve been bullied for as long as I can remember. I even conducted my own experiment on Facebook by posting a picture of my friends and I at the beach in our bathing suits on a page called, â€Å"The World’s Cutest Teens†. I knew that the picture would get some rude comments so I waited, and that’s exactly what happened.People began to call us rude names and basically told us that we were disgusting. I took a picture of all the rude comments and the picture of us and made a collage, I then reposted it on the page saying that I would use the information I found in my research paper. I said that it doesn’t matter who you are in the world, bullying still happens today and it needs to be addressed, that picture now has over 20,000 â€Å"likes† on Facebook and I’m receiving tons of messages from people saying how smart I am to have come up with this idea.Now although I didn’t take the rude comments to heart, there are still many people in the world that do. It hurts them and ruins their self esteem. Bullying is a human rights violation. It is the abuse of the powerless by those who think they have all of the power. Bullying is the first human rights violation millions of students in the United States will confront. As a human rights organization, STTP [Speak Truth To Power] stated in a recent interview that they can’t simply ignore the fact that children aren’t able to get the proper education that they deserve because of bullies.They have to do their best to put a stop to as much bullying as possible. Two children in every classroom in America are estimated to miss at least one day of school each month bec ause they feel unsafe. Local governments realize we cannot afford to dismiss youth violence as simply â€Å"kids being kids. † Anti-bullying legislation has been passed in 49 states, the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico. But laws and reporting systems aren't enough. We must move beyond simply having the systems in place to react to bullying.We must instill in our youth the ideals of civility and respect, and we must create environments that prevent bullying everywhere our children live, learn and play. (â€Å"Schools Have Work to Do†) However, bullying doesn’t just exist in school, bullying can happen anywhere at any time and people need to know what they can do to help prevent and stop the bullies from attacking. First, you want to make sure that the person being bullied informs someone that the bullying is occurring by telling a trusted adult.Then, if you haven’t already, confront the bully by telling them how what they’re doing to you is rea lly upsetting and you would like it if they could please stop. If the bullying still continues, the best option is to let the bullies’ parents know what is happening so they can handle the situation. And if that still doesn’t work, you can always call the police and let them talk to the bully, most of the time bullies will stop their actions if they know they’ll get in serious trouble if they continue. (Kennedy, Kerry)To many people, bullying is people saying rude things to each other face to face or having some sort of abusive contact with one another. However, this is not the case. As I stated in my personal story earlier, bullying also takes place on the internet [most commonly social networking sites]. This type of bullying is referred to as â€Å"cyberbullying†. Many people believe that cyberbullying isn’t a real issue; they say that it’s your own fault for continuing to stay on the social networking site you’re being bullied on, you could just simply shut your computer off.This of course is very unrealistic, teenagers shouldn’t have to delete their social networking sites, turn off their computers, and so forth just because of bullies. Teenagers should be able to enjoy talking to their friends and interacting without having to worry about bullies harassing them. (Foxman, Abraham) Cyberbullying has become a real threat, and parents and educators must work together to get rid of antisocial and harmful harassment and make such crimes punishable by law.There is currently a law being put into place, set to take effect next year. The law was passed in large part because of the tragic suicide of Jamey Rodemeyer of Williamsville. The 14-year-old killed himself last September after absorbing relentless bullying over his sexual orientation. Police at the time said that because of weaknesses in state law regarding cyberbullying, there was little they could have done for Jamey. The new law moves to rectify that . Had it been in place already, Jamey's story might have taken a different turn.Implemented properly and pursued diligently, it will no doubt prevent much misery in the future. The new law defines cyberbullying as harassment taking place through any electronic means and that â€Å"reasonably causes or would reasonably be expected to cause physical injury or emotional harm to a student. † School districts would have a responsibility for incidents occurring on and off school grounds. It also creates a system for reports of cyberbullying to reach school principals or superintendents and requires prompt intervention by school officials.Schools will also be required to establish anti-cyberbullying policies and to report incidents to law enforcement if school officials believe the acts constitute criminal conduct. It also calls for training for teachers and administrators. (Ells,June) This story leads me into my next point which is on teen suicide. As of early 2010, suicide was the third leading cause of death of those between the ages of fifteen and twenty-four and the fourth leading cause of death for children between the ages of ten and fourteen.According to the Southern California Academic Center of Excellence on Youth Violence Prevention, young females were more likely to attempt suicide, though males were about five times more likely to die by suicide. According to a 1996 report of the National Alliance on Mental Illness (NAMI), more young people died from suicide than from AIDS, birth defects, cancer, chronic lung disease, heart disease, influenza, pneumonia, and stroke combined. While the desire to commit suicide usually stems from a disorder such as depression, suicide is preventable.According to ABC News nearly 30 percent of students bully others or are victims of bullying. A report by Yale University in Connecticut indicates that victims of bullying are up to nine times more likely to consider suicide than their peers who are not bullied. Bullying comes in many forms and may include physical attacks, destruction of personal property, verbal abuse, starting rumors, name calling, and verbal attacks, which may be made in person, online, or through texting. Dr.Dan Olweus, a psychology professor from Norway and developer of the OLWEUS Bullying Prevention Program, says, â€Å"a person is bullied when he or she is exposed, repeatedly and over time, to negative actions on the part of one or more other persons, and he or she has difficulty defending himself or herself. † Bullying is most common between the fourth and eighth grades. A new term, â€Å"bullycide† has recently been used to describe those who have committed suicide because of bullying.According to bullyingstatistics.org, suicide rates among adolescents are rising, particularly in the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries. It’s sad to think that there are so many teenagers in the world that are being effected by bullying so much that they woul d consider taking their own lives. Suicide is not the answer; suicide is a permanent fix to a temporary problem. Since depression caused by bullying is one of the leading causes of teen suicide, treatment of this condition is often the first step to preventing suicide. Treatments may include counseling, residential treatment, and medication, though the latter should be used with caution.The Federal Drug Administration (FDA) has a â€Å"black box† warning, its most severe label, on all antidepressants. Research has shown that children and teens on selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) may have increased suicidal thoughts and behaviors. Experts recommend careful monitoring of young people on such medication. Those suffering from depression feel alone and helpless, so communication is vital. According to NAMI, about 80 percent of those who commit suicide exhibit warning signs or tell others of their intentions before they act.Any mention of death or suicide should be t aken seriously. Many people believe that discussing suicide openly with someone who is contemplating suicide is wrong. In fact, asking someone openly about his or her plans is helpful. Asking questions such as, â€Å"Have you thought about how you would do it? † and â€Å"Do you have the means? † help determine the severity of the situation. Someone who discovers another's intention to commit suicide should immediately call 911 or take the individual to an emergency room or the nearest psychiatric facility. (â€Å"Teen Suicide†)As stated before, bullying is a serious issue, not only in schools, but outside of schools too. Bullying can happen at anywhere, at anytime, to anybody, including on the internet. However there are many ways that we can help stop and prevent bullying and if there was some way we could stop bullying for good, we could all live in a better world and teenagers wouldn’t continue to take their own lives because someone is making them fe el depressed or worthless. There is always someone that can help and if you’re being bullied you need to seek help immediately so you can get back to living a normal bully free life.

Childbirth and Preterm Infants Essay

Discuss disparities related to ethnic and cultural groups relative to low birth weight infants and preterm births. Describe the impact of extremely low birth weight babies on family and society (short and long term, including economic considerations, ongoing care considerations, and co-morbidities associated with prematurity). Discuss whether you feel that support services and systems in your community for preterm infants and their families adequately address their needs or not. Explain your answer. Respond to other learners’ posts in a manner that initiates or contributes to discussion. Racial and ethnic disparities in health disproportionately affect minority Americans. One of the greatest challenges facing the US healthcare system is the persistence of disparities in infant and maternal health among the different racial and ethnic groups. This disparity in healthcare outcomes does not appear to be limited to the Black community only, but rather it seems to affect all minority groups. In this context, American Indian/Alaska Native infants have higher death rates than White infants because of higher SIDS rates. The exact cause of these persisting racial disparities remains unexplained. The differences in socioeconomic status, maternal risky behaviors, prenatal care, psychosocial stress, and perinatal infection account for more disparities. Hispanics of Puerto Rican origin have higher IMRs than White infants because of higher LBW rates. One major risk factor for preterm birth is maternal genital infection. Others include extremes of maternal age, maternal cigarette smoking and substance abuse, history of PTD and maternal medical conditions such as hypertension and diabetes. There are support services and CHC’s available in our area for minority group women, preterm infants and their families to address their needs.

Daycare Observation Report

The Kids Learning Centre is a privately-owned day care facility and non-formal educational institution for children up to 12 years old. It is located at the heart of the City of Downtown, just behind The Business Building, a convenient place where parents and guardians can drop off their children safely. It operates from 6:30 AM to 6:00 PM daily, and closes only during major holidays. Like other day care facilities, The Kids Learning Centre strives to provide the best in child care.As part of their program to deliver quality service to the kids and their parents, the centre has established the following: I. Security, Safety, Health The centre has an open-door policy, allowing and welcoming parents to visit and observe their children at any time. This, however, is a regulated procedure in order to provide security for the children, and is implemented under the following measures: * Upon enrolment, the parent/ guardian is issued an individualized Parent Identification Number, which he/ she uses to go through the facility’s entry system.Visitors are required to present a valid ID with photo before being allowed to enter, and he or she is escorted and supervised by the Assistant Director during the entire visit. * The centre has an emergency lock-down procedure – forced entry will automatically send an alarm to the police department. Moreover, the centre has a closed circuit classroom monitoring system, wherein the classroom is fitted with a four-way camera. The system records daily activities for the protection of both children and caregivers. In addition, sprinklers and fire extinguishers are present in every area of the building.Fire alarms are installed, and the fire department is automatically alerted when the alarm goes off. The school conducts a monthly fire drill and fire alarm safety practice to ensure that the staffs is prepared in case of emergency, and would be able to protect the children should a crisis occur. Aside from security and fire safety, the centre is also very particular about the health and well-being of the kids. The centre, licensed by the Department of Health, provides healthy, nutritious, and delicious meals and snacks for the children.The daily menu is planned by the school’s chef and the Director a month in advance. Also, a sick child is not allowed to enter the facility to avoid contagion; and a doctor’s note stating that the child is not contagious must be presented before the Director would allow the child to rejoin his group. II. Environment The classroom is bright and colourful – a place designed to be attractive and interesting to kids. The walls are painted with animal pictures, and the floor is covered by carpets, safety mats, and cushions in vivid colours.There are six rooms and each room is fully-equipped with age appropriate safe toys that stimulate the different senses and develop gross motor and fine motor skills, including building blocks, rubber balls, stuffed ani mals, books, tinker toys, and many more. These are organized on kid-sized shelves, baskets, and containers that develop a child’s organization and sorting skills. The room is a place for kids to have fun and learn at the same time. They are able to express their energy in safety, and also explore, experiment, touch, and fill their senses using the wide variety of learning materials available in the area.III. Caregivers The Kids Learning Centre is comprised of a group of devoted individuals trained to protect, nurture, and educate children. As part of the school’s policy, all the members of the staff underwent a criminal background check through the Department of Public Welfare’s state and federal fingerprinting system before being hired. They are likewise First Aid/ CPR Certified. The centre is currently composed of seven individuals: the director; the assistant director; five lead teachers; and two assistant teachers. * Director. Ms.Mayan holds a Degree in Earl y Childcare Education, and has been a director for five years. She is very warm and friendly. * Assistant Director. Ms. Dina also has a degree in Early Childcare Education and has more than 30 years of experience in a childcare facility. She supervises and trains teachers. * Lead Teachers: * Baby Teacher. Ms. Mina is a high school graduate and has 5 years experience in the medical field and 20 years of experience with children. She loves to talk to babies with her calm and gentle voice. * Young Toddlers’ Teacher.Ms. Fine is currently taking up Child Development Associate Certification and has a three years experience as day care assistant teacher at the YMCA. She is consistent in setting up limits, making sure young toddlers return the toys they are playing with before they get another toy. * Older Toddler Teacher. Ms. Georgia has childcare certification from Better Kid Care and has six years experience as assistant teacher at Head Start. She can handle difficult children ver y well. She is firm and the children listen to her when she says something.Pre-School Teacher. Ms. Barbie finished her 2 years in Education and has three years experience as lead teacher. * Pre-K Teacher. Ms. Nita finished her associate degree and earned her directorship certificate at the Best Care Centre. She has been a lead teacher for ten years and have been a director for five years. * Assistant Teachers: * Older Toddlers’ Assistant Teacher. Ms. Darlene is in her senior high school and she just started a couple of months ago. The children are very comfortable and love to play with her. * Pre-K Assistant Teacher. Ms.Julia has been in the academe for twelve years, and has been working in daycare for two years. As a day care worker, she is very warm and friendly with the children. She is very patient and always encourages the kids to always be nice to each other. One particular teacher I observed to be the most effective is Nita – the Pre-K teacher. Her class is so s tructured – she follows her daily schedule, she is very warm and friendly when parents drop off her/his child. She supervises her class very well. Even when she is talking to an adult, she is still able to hear and see what’s going on in her class.She uses the reward system to encourage children to participate in group activities. She always tells jokes and the children love it. She teaches various skills to her class, such as dancing, singing and storytelling, as well as some Spanish words. Two Instances that I’ve observed about Ms. Nita’s quality child care were: * when a child was hurt while playing outside; Ms Nita immediately and calmly attended to the child and talked in gentle manner. The other one who apparently hurt him was next to Ariana, watching as the teacher performs first aid.After Ms Nita was sure the Ariana was fine, she talked to both Ariana and the other child and asked them what really happened, she asked both side very patiently and t hen asked them what they should do next time, both boy apologizes and came to a conclusion that it is not nice to keep hands to others. * Another instance I observed was that Ms, Nita individually ask the children to check how they are doing both at the day care and at home; I particularly remember when she asked Karina and how’s she doing at home, the child answer that she is sad because her dad went to jail.I saw how her compassion rise up as she talked to the child and gave her a big sympathetic hug. IV. Activities The Kids Learning Centre provides a program to develop positive social skills and ideals and learn about their world through age-appropriate play, projects and activities. It provides a stable and protected learning environment that fosters a solid foundation for lifelong success. The children are encouraged to foster a love for nature and the environment through the centre’s Agricultural Program. In that program, the children experience how to cultivate and develop the Earth.Through agricultural lessons that include outdoor planting of fruits and vegetables, each child is able to experience the joy of caring for the Earth. The children also experience daily interactions that promote positive self concepts. All programs are curriculum based – Infant through school-age children. The daily schedule for Pre-K is as follows: 6:30 – 8:30 AM| Free Play| 8:35 – 9:00| Art Project| 9:00 – 10:00| Breakfast| 10:00-10:30| Circle Time| 10:30-11:30| Gym Class or Outside Time| 11:30-12:00| Science/ Math| 12:00 NN| Lunch Time| 1:00 – 3:00| Nap Time| :00 – 3:30| Snack Time| 3:30 – 4:00| Story Time| 4:00 – 4:30| Review Time| 4:30 – 5:30| Outside Play| 5:30 – 6:00| Library Time| From six thirty in the morning up to eight thirty in the morning, the children are allowed to choose centres (like dramatic play, table toys, or blocks ) of their choice – giving them freedom to selec t a toy or game for themselves in a small group, at Eight thirty to Nine in the morning, the children make art or crafts; this activity enhances the children’s fine motor skills at the same time appreciate the beauty of art.At Nine o clock to Nine thirty in the morning, the children wash their hands and have their breakfast. Ten O’ clock up to Ten thirty in the morning is circle time; during circle time, children learn the different season, month of the year, days of the week, the alphabets and numbers and study a particular book and song of the day. At Ten thirty to Eleven in the morning, the children will go outside to get fresh air and to boost their gross motor skills.At eleven o’ clock to twelve noon the children observe a science experiment or play math games depending on the lesson plan for the day. At twelve noon up to one o clock, the children wash their hands and have their lunch. At one O’ clock to three o’ clock in the afternoon, the ch ildren will have their nap time. If the child can’t go to sleep, the child will be provided a book and read quietly or he/she can lay quietly on her cot, Three O’ clock noon is snack time, three thirty to four thirty is review time; where children will be asked what they have learned for the day.Four thirty to five thirty in the afternoon is outside play and finally five thirty to six thirty is library time; the children will read book quietly as they wait for their parents to pick them up. V. Guidance and Discipline The Kids Learning Centre sets rules with the children at the beginning of the school year. The child’s role in the Guidance Process allows the child to be involved in writing the class rules. The teachers set clear limits and are always consistent.They redirect the children whenever possible. They include the children in the problem solving processes. Positive reinforcement and acknowledgement of good behaviour is encouraged. If a child exhibits imp roper behaviour, he/she is removed from the area The teacher then discusses the improper behaviour with the child – what choice would be better next time – and allows the child to return to the activity as soon as he or she feels she can already manage his/her behaviour appropriately.Should a conflict arise between two kids, they will have a reasonable opportunity to resolve the problem on their own, under the watchful eye of the teacher, before a she steps in. They will be given the chance to make an effort to change any unacceptable behaviour. If a child hurts another child, the teacher will attend to the injured child immediately. The child that did the injuring will stay with the injured child and the staff member looking after the injured child, until the injured child is ready to return to the classroom activities.The former will be asked what s/he can do to make the latter feel better. If the teachers see a continuing pattern of misbehaviour, the following steps will be initiated: * Phone call from the teacher informing the parent of the concern or â€Å"red flags† that have been observed. * As parents have a major role in the guidance process, they are requested to share any relevant information with the teachers to help understand any underlying issues. They are encouraged to open up when the teacher gives notification of a concern or if a continuing pattern of misbehaviour is observed.They are expected to follow through on any recommendations made by the staff including evaluation by the school district. * Contact between parents and the centre is made within two weeks of the recommendation, * Staff members are expected to work as a team so everyone can be consistent in expectations and help the child understand what behaviour is acceptable and not acceptable. * After attempts have been made to meet the individual needs of the child, any child that has demonstrated inability to benefit from the type of care offered by our school, or whose presence is detrimental to the group, shall be discharged from the school.The centre prohibits any form of corporal punishment or yelling at a child, ridiculing a child or the child’s family, blaming, teasing, insulting, name calling, or threatening the child with punishment, withholding food, affection, or positive attention. Personally, I find that The Kids Learning Centre ranks high in the following areas: * Security. The security system and fire safety features are technologically advanced and are quite impressive. * Nutrition. The children’s diet is balanced, and they receive highly nutritious meals and snacks daily. * Kids.The children are simply magnificent. Although The Kids Learning Centre’s main goal is it to provide quality care for the children, the fact still remains that it is a business. It is, therefore, not surprising that despite its efforts to provide excellent service; much is left to be desired. Some areas that can be improved incl ude: * Teacher Benefits. The centre lacks benefits and incentives for teachers, and is not very generous with remuneration and salary increase. Management also falls short in terms of support and encouragement for their staff. * High Turn-Over.Due to the lack of benefits for teachers, the turn-over rate is high. This is disadvantageous as constant adjustment is necessary between co-workers as well as between teacher and child. * Discipline. Also, some teachers become too absorbed in terms of child discipline that compassion is overlooked. It is ironic because some of the teachers are themselves in need of discipline in order to avoid squabbling among themselves. The centre would benefit most if it could improve on the following areas:* The management needs to evaluate teachers fairly and give benefits, incentives, and salary increases accordingly. The management needs to provide a better support system for the teachers; give positive reinforcement, remind the teachers their duties a nd responsibilities. * The management also needs to set a better standard for teachers and their behaviour, not only towards the kids but also among themselves. * Teachers should have training at least every quarter to help them learn new strategies in caring for the little ones. * Teachers should join a caregiver/teachers association to help them get encouragement from other professionals.

Film the Patriot and the Use of Important Terminologies Like Social Co Term Paper

Film the Patriot and the Use of Important Terminologies Like Social Conflict, Interpersonal Conflict and Conflict Management - Term Paper Example With this in mind, it should be known that communication is the process of exchanging message between individuals. Without a proper communication, it might be difficult for people to relate together. Everyone needs to have effective communication skills because it is necessary in promoting a healthy interpersonal communication. For example, if one chooses to be a critical listener, one might find it much easier to relate with others. This is due t the fact that one can lend ears to other people as they speak thus encouraging them to have confidence in one another. However, when people can not effectively communicate, it means that they can not do anything including resolving their own conflicts (Mayer, 2012). This paper presents a discussion on the use of effective communication skills by people. It does this by alluding to the film the Patriot and goes ahead to analyze the use of important terminologies like social conflict, interpersonal conflict and conflict management. The Patriot is a film which was written by Rodat Robert, produced by Gordon Mark, Garry Levinson and Delvin Dean and directed by Emmerich Roland. The 2000 released 175 minute-long film features Mel Gibson (Benjamin Martin); Heath Ledger (Gabriel Martin); Logan Lerman (William Martin); Gregory Smith (Thomas Martin); Joely Richardson (Charlotte Selton); Trevor Morgan (Nathan Martin); Tchà ©ky Karyo (Major Jean Villeneuve); Jason Isaacs (Colonel William Tavington); Mika Boorem (Margaret Martin); Bryan Chafin (Samuel Martin); Joey D. Vieira (Peter Howard); Lisa Brenner (Anne Patricia); and Chris Cooper (Colonel Harry Burwell). Although it was composed much later, the film depicts a real story of the events that took place in colonial America during the American Revolutionary War. The setting of the story is done in the heart of a rural Village in York County, South Carolina. It brings a story that revolves around the life of Benjamin Martin, an aging widower who was now left with the responsibility of bringing up his nine children.  

Starting a Business in Aqua-Pure Company Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Starting a Business in Aqua-Pure Company - Essay Example Another source of financing I may utilize is borrowings from my relatives or friends who would be willing to lend me some money, which I could repay once the business is making a profit. Moreover, I may seek potential business partners who have the financial capability to answer the capital needs of the small company. As such, they may become co-owners, thus, be entitled to receive a portion of the earnings of the business. Aside from these, I may also utilize external financing sources to address my capital requirements. In this regard, I can resort to borrowing funds from banks and other financial institutions2 that specialize in dealing with business entities and implement special lending schemes for start-up enterprises. In addition, I can borrow from specific government development agencies that support small-scale industries or apply in organizations that give out business grants for creative entrepreneurs3. It should be noted that borrowing, deemed as a long-term loan, from external sources entails risk exposure, therefore, this option is usually a major decision for small businesses. Given this, I should ensure that the company has the ability to service this loan including interest and that the loan terms are not burdensome to meet for small business owners like me. It would also be used for the construction of a small water treatment facility and purchasing or leasing the land where this would be located. Moreover, the capital would be allocated for the company's pre-operating expenses like promotions and launching as well as initial operating expenditures including salary, power, water expenses and other fees. 4. Government agencies and regulations to be dealt with by business owner As a small business engaged in the man the manufacturing and selling of bottled mineral water, I, as the business owner, would have to initially deal with the Food & Drug Administration (FDA), particularly the Compliance Department. This is because this agency would first have to ensure that I am complying with their regulations. For instance, the FDA would inspect my equipment and products to find out the bottled water to be sold meets the standard set in the Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act. Â  

Project Portfolio Management Concepts Research Paper

Project Portfolio Management Concepts - Research Paper Example His essay shall identify 4 articles that address Project Portfolio management and then evaluate the quality and utility of each. However, the subject matter shall focus on the article considered to be bearing the highest quality and utility. The following 4 articles were chosen for the analysis: How to Implement management of Portfolio within 100 days, Craig Kilford, N.Y: Stationery Office, 2013. Internet resource {http://www.best-management-practice.com/gempdf/How_to_implement_MoP_ONS_Case_Study.pdf} The author of this article, Craig Kilford has worked as an Interim Deputy Director of Portfolio Management in the office for the National Statistics. He is also a regular blogger at www.MrPortfolioManagement.com. He is also a motivational speaker at various business conferences. His achievements in the field of Portfolio invoke the public to catch his writings. In the article ‘How to implement management of Portfolio within 100 days,’ Craig tells the audiences about the doà ¢â‚¬â„¢s and don’ts which they practiced when their organization, the Office for National Statistics intended to implement a Project for managing a Portfolio within a period of a hundred days. He highlights the position of the ONS before the implementation, the journey towards delivering the portfolio, the unit model for delivering the portfolio, the portfolio Governing model and the future of the ONS. Craig also highlights the top 8 requirements that are crucial for the implementation of the Project Portfolio Management within a period of 100 days. Project Portfolio Management, Gartner, N. J: Wiley, 2013. Internet Resource. {http://www.gartner.com/it/content/911400/911412/project_portfolio_mgmt_excerpt.pdf} This article does not highlight the achievement s of the author, but it seem to be focused on its subject matter: Project Portfolio management: A view from the management trenches. The article highlights the features of a successful Project Management Portfolio, the metho ds of optimizing the capacity of an organization, the checkpoints of a good Project Management Portfolio, how to incorporate changes in to a Project Management Portfolio, the Project Management Portfolio tiers, the areas to put up a Project Management Portfolio, the period and reasons when a Project Management Portfolio should be established, the foundational principles and tools for establishing a Project Management Portfolio. The articles targets the business community as its primary audiences, however, the interested public would also find the message to be vital. Project Portfolio Management:Metrics that Work, James C. B., 2012. Internet Resource. {http://www.bw.edu/academics/cpd/forums/Project_Portfolio_Management_March_2011.pdf} There is no clear information about the author, James Brown. Howevr, he is the current manager of the Research Portfolio Managing Officer of the Pionner Hi-Bred International. The article highlights the interests of any Project Portfolio management, th e mandatory contents of a Project Portfolio

The ANWR Oil Drilling Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

The ANWR Oil Drilling - Essay Example Nevertheless, since this portion, called ‘1002 Area’ after the ANILCA section, has been considered as a probable source of oil and gas because of its proximity to the Mackenzie Delta, an area which has been found to have such resources by Canadians. In 1995, the two legislative bodies of the US government passed into law the Budget Act, which also includes an approval of the development of the ANWR 1002 Area. However, President Bill Clinton, under pressure from environmentalist groups, decided to veto it. Since then, the issue of further exploration and the possibility of extraction of oil and gas in the ANWR have become the subject of intense debates among environmentalist groups and proponents of petroleum and gas exploration. With the constant fluctuations and increases in the prices of crude oil in the world market, the increasing domestic demand for it, and the recurring peace and order problems in the Middle East, the debate on the issue has intensified even furthe r. The ANWR oil drilling issue has even reached the point that it has become an agenda for national elections. Both the Republicans and the Democrats have used their respective stand on this subject as part of their strategies in gathering political support for every electoral contest they participate. The Democrats have held the stand of opposing oil drilling in the area since President Clinton. (Douglas) On the other hand, the Republicans have been pushing for the opening of the 1002 Area for exploration and eventual extraction. However, the political noise generated by the debate on this issue between the Republicans and the Democrats have only blurred further the merits and demerits of oil drilling in the ANWR.  

The Strategic Growth Plan for an SME Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words

The Strategic Growth Plan for an SME - Essay Example At that time nobody appeared to be interested in the product. But today Microsoft Vista is widely reviewed and talked about even before its formal launch. lacked a degree of functionality and achieved little popularity. Coke started off in 1886 when in May 1886 Dr. John Pemberton a pharmacist from Atlanta, Georgia started selling for five cents a glass. The first year of operation ended with the figures of $50 worth of sales Vs the production cost of $70 i.e. a net loss of $20. Today Coca-Cola Company is the world's leading manufacturer, marketer and distributor of nonalcoholic beverage concentrates and syrups. Infosys Technologies, a global consulting and IT services company was founded with some borrowed money by it founder Narayana Murthy. But today it is managing the IT needs of world's who's who in the business field. Small and Medium Enterprises is therefore the beginning of a giant stride for business strategists and determined entrepreneurs. SMEs need to improve their business skills to help them survive and grow. What is required to make an SME a competing and a big company is a vision and a strategic growth plan implemented with grit and determination by the owners/ managers. A strong SME sector contributes to a flexible and buoyant economy, creating jobs, providing the foundations for the large companies of the future and contributing to the nation's long term growth and international competitiveness. Firms can grow by interacting with key local players including universities, customers and research centres (Asheim & Isaksen, 1997). The main barriers to growth for smaller firms arise in the form of financing, organization and competition from new products or companies. A strategic growth plan calls for managing all such eventualities. SME Sector As far as IT sector is concerned China and India are in the forefront of global turnaround in IT enabling services and business process outsourcing. Both these countries have taken major share of the outsourcing revenue from the developed nation. Since initiating economic reforms and open policy in late 1970s, China has achieved tremendous success in economic development. The economy has changed from a centrally planned system to a more market-oriented one with a rapidly growing private sector. China now is the fastest growing economy in the world, with GDP expanding at an annual average rate of around nine percent over the past two decades. China has started recognizing the potential of SMEs and visible efforts are there to prove the point. For example, China organized its first SME fair in October 2004. Despite the progress in privatization, a considerable part of China's economy remains controlled by large State Owned Enterprises (SOEs), many of which are termed as inefficient and unprofitable. This slow march towards opening up of economy has prevented the inflow of IT led outsourcing into China to a certain extent. Major beneficiaries of the outsourcing boom are the Small and Medium Enterprise (SMEs), that effectively means less growth potential for SME sector. India on the other hand has proved to be a grooming ground for SME sector. With the exodus of IT companies from Europe, America and other parts of the world towards India, the burgeoning Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) sector promises to be a growth

My Experiences As a Nursing Student Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 11

My Experiences As a Nursing Student - Essay Example However, any medical professional can execute the process as long as he or she follows the protocols of medical operations (Callara, L. 2008, 57). The criterion (protocol) that must be followed, starts with checking the absence of possible air leaks into the bottle of a chest drain. Air leaks are usually noted when a patient breathes out using force or coughing with vigor, unlike normal exhalation. Secondly, a check-up for the fluid volume into the chest drains to establish if it is normal or low follows. If it minimal, say, 10ml per hour, chest drain is usually present (Daly, J. Speedy, S. & Jackson, D. 2009, 68). The establishments of a respiratory difficulty also define that there is a chest drain problem. Similarly, an increased bleeding risk that is associated with a decrease in coagulation also shows that there is a chest drain. Having established the explained steps, evidence from radiology for the absence of air or accumulation of fluid in the chest will be required before th e removal of chest drain process begins (Jacob, A. & Sonali, J. 2007, 29). My work in the whole chest drain process was to prepare the equipment used for the procedure and care for the patient since before and after the procedure, the patient is put under a closed –chest underwater seal that drains air and fluids to enhance the expansion of lungs (Basford, L. & Slevin, O. 2003, 39). The equipment I prepared for the doctor to carry out the procedure was a sterile dressing pack, gloves, stitch cutter, a solution for the cleansing of the skin, a clinical waste bag, a sterile swab, clamps and a dressing that is non-adherent (Quinn, F. 1998, 45). The predominant procedure is ensuring that the patient lies in an upright position to guarantee the expansion of lungs so that there is easy optimal drainage of air and fluids enhanced by gravity (Fagin, C. 2000, 40).  Ã‚  

What are the advantages and disadvantages of independence in Education Essay

What are the advantages and disadvantages of independence in Education - Essay Example On the other hand, the study of Raban (2001, 34) showed that â€Å"along with the cognitive growth, social opportunities influence learning; indeed, learners of all ages are more motivated when they can see the usefulness of what they are learning and when they can use that information to do something that has an impact on others†. It should be noticed however that the personal development of children (or adults) participating in a specific educational site is not an easy task. In fact there are many issues that need to be considered both by the legislators and the schools’ administrators regarding the presentation of appropriate patterns to children and adults that participate in specific educational programs. An issue that usually arises in this context is the role of ‘independence’ in education and its possible influence in the cognitive development of children and adults. Current paper examines the issue of ‘independence’ (especially its ad vantages and disadvantages) as it can be observed in educational sites around the world referring indicatively in certain forms or types of ‘independence’ as they have been identified and evaluated by academic researchers in the particular sector. Relevant results of empirical researches made in this area – whenever their retrieval was possible – are also going to be presented in order to support the credibility of the assumptions made on the particular issue. In order to examine the issue of independence in education we should primarily refer to the role of participants in educational sites regarding the delivery of the curriculum and the cognitive approaches developed in these sites in general. The involvement of personal attitudes and of the human factor has been found to be crucial for the formulation of an appropriate strategy by the school administrators when communicating with learners. Regarding this issue, it is noticed by Skrtic et al. (1991)

Starting a Business Online Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Starting a Business Online - Essay Example Convenient. Online business is convenient to both the owner and the customer. The owner can run the business 24 hours without the need to open the whole establishment. The customer can also shop in their place without further cost to them at any time of the day. Disadvantages: Legitimacy issues. When running a small online business, there will be difficulties in evaluating legitimate transactions (Lendor, n.d). Online business is also vulnerable to credit cards crimes. Both the owner and the customer will face these legitimacy issues of the online business. Marketing Issues. Unlike big online businesses, small time online business may encounter difficulties in attracting markets. Since the competition for online businesses is very high, there is a need for a good marketing including search engine optimization and paid directory inclusion which the business may not have enough resources for these strategies (Lendor, n.d.). 2. e-Commerce describes a process of buying and selling of goo ds and services via internet (â€Å"An Introduction†, n.d.). This is regarded as a modern process of commerce involving the World Wide Web when transacting the business. This process is makes the business international because it does not have any restrictions when it comes to locations. Anybody using the internet can transact in online business. Because of this, the company faces issues on trust, culture, language, government and infrastructure. Issues on trust can be addressed by making the business legitimate in all aspects. The owner must secure needed clearances and requirements to legalize the business and each transaction. Thus, if the business does not hide any illegal acts, there will be no issues on trust. Cultural issues can be addressed by ensuring that products and services sold do not discriminate or injure any culture and traditions. Since the business is international and cannot be really monitored, restricted or limited by the government, then the companies m ust be responsible enough to follow rules and regulations so as not to harm any person, tradition or race. This is just a matter of responsible business running. Another possible issue is on language. Since this is an international business, there will soon be issues on language. There exists thousands if not millions of different languages in the world. For an online business to be able to cater to all countries there must be an availability of language translator or if none, then at least the business must cater to major languages used in the world. The issue on government is really difficult because of the fact that because online business is international, the accountability, registration, legitimacy, standards issues can be hard to address. A certain online business can run in a different place but registered in another. However, this issue can be deal with by company’s honesty and sense of responsibility. The government in return must also be meticulous in checking if t he said online business is legal and upholds the standards. Issues on infrastructures such as communication is not a very difficult to address since technology is already very powerful and advanced. Online business can partner with other e-commerce business that provides services such as communications and transportation of products online. 3. Online business’ compliance to laws is really important. This requires responsible and honest running of business from the

History of 5 Bowen Road Essay Example for Free

History of 5 Bowen Road Essay Look at any old photo of pre-1950 Hong Kong and the hillsides above the city were dotted with handsome verandah type homes like this one. From the Mid-levels up to The Peak, every successful European merchant, official, compradore or trader scrambled to put up a mansion befitting their perceived status in colonial society. This home was built in 1914 by the property company, Hongkong Land Investment and Agency Company Ltd. Its Devonian name ’Iddesleigh’ (pronounced Idslee) derived from the origins of its occupant, A Mr. Â  Mowbray Stafford Northcote secretary of the Hongkong Land Investment and Agency Company, who was an honorary correspondent to the magazine ‘Devonia’ and was related to the Earl of Iddesleigh. In common with many structures which were built on Hong Kongs precipitous hillsides, the house stands on a handsome, terraced granite base. When built, the house would have had sweeping views across the harbour and its verandahs would have been open to the elements. Three-storey building built in neo-classical style, Corinthian columns, bow arch, decorated with carved eaves and rich ornate interior decoration, showing the lofty building owner socioeconomic status. The top of the building facade reflects its ornate pediment architectural style influenced by the Baroque. During the Japanese Occupation (1942-1945), this building was requisitioned as the home for the Japanese Imperial Naval commander. After liberation at the end of the Second World War, the house was occupied by the Royal Navy and it would later become the official residence of the senior RN officer in Hong Kong, the Commodore-in-Charge and has been better known as the Commodores House since 1952. In 1979, the building was handed over to the Hong Kong Government. In 1990, the building was allocated for charity Mothers Choice Baby Nursing and residential special child care centers.

Emergence Of Turkish Nationalism History Essay

Emergence Of Turkish Nationalism History Essay In the 18th century, the Grand Viziers and commanders were generally Turkish origin. The Turkification of the administration in the Ottoman Empire in these years spread over art and cultural fields. These improvements paved the way for Turkish nationalism in the following centuries. During the 18th century, nationalism was an ideology which was seen in the Balkans.  [1]   As examining the emergence of Turkish nationalism, it is obvious that it is far later than its Western counterpart. There were several reasons led to this delay. Firstly, Turks were the main element of the Ottoman Empire that could have prevented them. If the Turks had realized the Turkish nationalism, others might have been influenced. National discourse on Turkism would have shaken the established order in the boundaries of Empire. There is also another reason for this delay that bourgeois and labor classes did not occur among the Turks before they did in other nations. Until the 19th century, Turk as a concept had negative meaning.  [2]   The beginning of the concept of Turkish nationalism traced back to the Turcology studies in the 19th century in Europe. Especially the linguistic features of the various Turkish groups were emphasized. The studies of European Turcologists works were affective on Ottoman intellectuals while they were trying to stop the decline of the Empire.  [3]  These Turcology studies were one of the most significant sources both in the emergence of Turkish nationalism and Pan- Turanism. The idea of nationalism also emerged among the Muslims in Russia especially the Tatars of Volga before Turks in the Empire. As the reasons for that considered; they were the most advanced ethnic group in the Muslims of Russia. Although they suffered from Russian suppression for centuries, with Catherine II this situation has changed and Tatars gained some kind of religious and civil autonomy. Among the Tatar community traders class rose however; the Turks in the Ottoman Empire had no special place within the millet system and they only have been the dominant nation with other Muslims such as Arabs, Kurds and Albanians. More importantly, between these nations there were no ethnic barriers and Turks in the Empire have accepted Islam as their life style.  [4]   For these reasons, although there were ideas of nationalism which were actualized by Greek independence and Serbian autonomy, Turkish-Ottoman consciousness was not present at that time. With the Ottoman Russian War in 1877- 1878 large numbers of Tatars, Azerbaijanis and Caucasian Turks migrated to the Empire. The Turkish intellectuals that fled to Ottoman Empire, Pan-Turkism began to spread out.  [5]   As it was stated before this ideology was consolidated by the impact of Western ideas and via the works of Turcologists in Europe , who showed the Turks that they belonged to such an ancient nation. The work of Western Turcologists was later followed by that of Turkish intellectuals. In a world of chaos and inequalities, many Ottoman intellectuals were influenced by the charms of nationalism. They adopted a romanticized image of the nation rising up from the ruins of a decadent empire.  [6]   However, Turkish national discourse did not gain full political content and aim until 1908 which was the date of the Constitutions declaration. This relative delay of political controversy on Turkish nationalism was not due to the ignorance of the bureaucrats and intellectuals towards the problem of saving of the state.  [7]   As we evaluate politically, the 1877-1878 Ottoman-Russian Wars, Germany and some Balkan nations close relationships and the disappointments resulted from ideologies of Pan-Islamism and Pan-Ottomanism and lastly, Ottoman intellectuals actions opposed to the bureaucrats of Tanzimat ere and reforms were all the reasons behind the emergence of Turkish nationalism in the Ottoman Empire as an alternative to two ideologies that were explained in the previous parts of our paper. All these developments prepared and formed the conditions for Turkish nationalism.  [8]   G. PAN-TURKISM Pan-Turkism refers to political, cultural and ethnic unity of all  Turkic-speaking  people. Before explaining practices of Pan-Turkism in the Ottoman Empire, noticeable personalities in this issue will be mentioned. One of the most influential and significant personality on the issue of Pan-Turkism in the Russian Empire. He was among the Tartar of Kazan region. In the periodical Tà ¼rk, his famous article was published. ÃÅ"c Ter-i Siyaset is seen as the main manifest of Pan- Turkism. He compared the 3 ideologies that Union and Progress Party pursued. Consequently, he supported Turkish nationalism as an alternative to pan-Ottomanism and pan- Islamism. Whereas traditional Ottoman elite found Akà §uras new Turkish nationalism as inappropriate, Unionist regime adopted it later. According to them, pan- Turkism was a mean to compensate the Empires African and European losses by Turkification policy at Empire and in Asia over the Turkic society.  [9]  Yusuf Akcura (1904), in his well-known article on the 3 ideologies stated that: By such a policy all Turks living in the Ottoman Empire would be perfectly united by both ethnic and religious bonds and the other non-Turkish Muslim groups who have been already Turkified to a certain extent would be further assimilated.  [10]   He also examined the advantages and disadvantages of pan-Turkism policy over the Empire. He suggested that main service of this policy would be unification of all the Turks who are being spread over Asia and the Eastern Europe, belong to the same language groups, ethnicity and religion. Among the other great nations, greater national and political unity would be created. In this unity, Ottomans would be the most powerful and civilized of all the Turkish societies. Among the ethnicities of Caucasian and the East Asian, a Turkish world came into existence. Except these advantages, there was shortcoming of this policy that can lead to the separation of the non-Turkish Muslims from the Empire. As a consequence, the Muslims would be divided into Turks and non-Turks.  [11]   Furthermore, another supporter of the Pan-Turkist ideology among the Turks in Russia was Ä °smail GaspÄ ±ralÄ ± who is a Crimean Tatar. He stated his ideas in the Crimean newspaper Tercà ¼man with the motto of unity in language, ideas, deeds. He advocated not only concept of Turkism but also Islam and Westernization. Although he was in favor of Turkish nationalism, he had avoided formulating a political Turkish identity and he had formed this unions social and cultural background , while leaving the political union to others.  [12]   It can be inferred that in Ottoman Empire Pan-Turkism was mostly dominated in the literature domain. Especially between the Russian War and Greek War, idea of Turkish nationalism was treated by Ã…Å ¾emseddin Sami, Necib AsÄ ±m and Veled Çelebi ant may of the Turkist intellectual and authors.  [13]   G.1. PAN-TURKISM AS A DOMINANT IDEOLOGY IN THE EMPIRE Until the years 1912-1913 that Balkan Wars occurred other policies pursued instead of Pan-Turkism. 1908 Revolution adjusted the way of looking the Turks and Pan-Turkist movement became popular. The reason behind this popularity was the continuous attempts of Great powers that interfered in the affairs of the Ottoman Empire. The justification of these interventions was protection of the minorities. As a result, young intellectuals adopted Turkish nationalism. The first attempt of pan-Turkist movement was immediately after from the 1908 Constitutional Period. On 7 January 1909, Turkish Association was founded. It was a cultural association and Armenians, some of the European Orientalists were also among the members. With the foundation of these kind of associations, there published some journals that had important role of the developments in pan-Turkism. As a result of Turco-Italian War, this nationalist movement was accelerated.  [14]   The Ottoman intellectuals and bureaucrats were obviously concerned about the future of the Empire. They were also imbued with patriotic feelings because of the latest conflictive political developments. In the opposition wing, the Young Turks had strongly devoted themselves to Pan-Turkism. They thought that domestic and modern changes could only be achieved through radical structural changes, not through imitation of western institutions. Political Turkism was the final ideological recourse of the Young Turks. They defended the ideology of Ottomanism in place of political Turkism even after the Young Turk Revolution in 1908 since Ottomanism was more promising in keeping the unity of the Empire. Although the Young Turks looked after the Turkish elements of the Empire and declared Turkish language as the official language in 1909, they never supported political Turkism as a solution to the problems of the Empire. For them, the most considerable objective was to keep the unity of all et hnic elements under the patronage of the Ottoman Empire, which Ottomanism was the best ideological tool for this end.  [15]   It was obvious that Committee of Union and Progress developed the consciousness of Turkish nationalism as political organization. CUP governments most important step towards a nationalist policy was the acceptance of Turkish language as the official language of the Ottoman society which eventually would be taught to all Ottoman citizens. These applications were carried out not in the name of Turkism, but of secularism and Westernism. Application of a nationalist policy on a secular line was natural in the Ottoman Empire since the emergence of the Pan-Turkist ideas, too, As a consequence, at one of the party congress Union and Progress preferred Turkish nationalism in 1911.  [16]   There were some events that were influential on this transformation from pan-Ottomanism to pan-Turkism. Congress of the Young Turks in 1902 was the milestone for clearness of anti-imperialist line. In this Congress, liberal wing that led by Prince Sabahaddin and nationalist wing broke apart. Moreover, as a result of Russian defeat in 1904 Russo-Japan War and recession of Russia from the World War I because of the Bolshevik Revolution, Turkic society in Turkistan gained their independence temporarily. This situation gave hope to Pan-Turkist ideas. With the serious defeat and loss of territory in the Balkan Wars in the 1912-1913, Ottoman Empire became Turkish-Arab Empire. Through these conditions, pan-Turkism which was only cultural issue on the Young Turks mind came into prominence immediately as a sole political option.  [17]   During the World War I, pan-Ottomanism was abandoned and this time was determinant on pan-Turkism. Public opinion and foreign policy were also affected by the advocates of the ideology by 1914. There was a question on the Ottoman Empires place in the new system of alliances of Europe. According to Yusuf Akà §ura, alliance with Germany would be the best option and he supported this choice. Russia was seen as a great obstacle on the way for Turkish unity. As the France allied with Russia, this country was not anymore one of the alliance options for the Ottoman Empire. As Britain was evaluated, the Ottomans were aware of British interest in route to India. After these evaluations, alliance with Germany was favored.  [18]   Ziya Gà ¶kalp formulated the Turkish nationalism in the articles for the journal Tà ¼rk Yurdu. With his framework, this current gained an economic dimension. Union and Progress National Economy Program caused emergence of the economic extent. Aims of this program were discharging the minority and foreign tradesmen, entrepreneurs and substitute them with Turks. In other words, this program aimed to create Turkish bourgeoisie. As we look at this national current in political realm, Enver Pasha was mostly responsible for state policy on Pan-Turkism especially for following Pan-Turkist objectives on the military domain. His ideas and inspiration of uniting Turkic people of Caucasus and Central Asia later led to the invasion of Trans-Caucasus and his personal action in Central Asia.  [19]   Through this information, the rise of Turkism would owe to the defeats of Ottoman Empire. In other words, it was a political movement which was based on the idea of a Turkish nation, came about in a period where Ottomans were defeated and Muslims were humbled, feeding on various developments. These were the Ottoman reaction against separation movements in the Balkans, the rebellious Tatar actions against Russian pan-Slavism, the new ideas brought forward by European nationalism and the studies on Turcology. However, after World War I Pan-Turkism ideology became unrealistic. The ideological debate on pan- Ottomanism and pan-Turkism continued with a different perspective. The question how to save the Empire? transformed into how to institutionalize the state that would replace the fallen Empire? However, Union and Progress Turkification policy was extremely criticized. The reason for these critics was that this policy weakened the link of the Ottomanism and it led to Armenians and Greek minorities separation from the Empire. Consequently, Ottomanism was reconsidered. H .CONCLUSION: In conclusion, How could the Ottoman Empire have been saved? That was the question all ideologies tried to find an answer. However, each of them came with different answers, it can not be said there were imcompatible differences between them. Many Young Turks who were supporters of Ottomanism, were at the same time Muslims and Pan- Turkists in their minds who were deeply entrenched in nationalism. A majority of the intellectuals were not oppose to those parts of the Western civilization that they considered functional. Supporters of the Ottomanism accepted that, so the Pan-Islamists also did. Ottoman Empires pragmatic nature also observed while investigating the actualizations of these ideologies. Tanzimat reforms were criticized by Pan Islamists. Pan-Islamism that adopted Islamic practices and cooperation between the Muslim communities defended a return to traditional values but they were also in favor of using Western techniques. In World War I, Ottomans needed Muslim Arabs support and they declared Jihad. The Committee of Union and Progress used a Western thesis against the West: nationalism. After 1913, CUP favored Pan-Turkism and put this ideology against Russia during World War I.  [20]  Ziya Gà ¶kalp who was a influential advocate of pan-Turkism, argued that Westem ways should be accepted was also criticizing the Tanzimat reformers for their loss with their own nations culture. The idea of pan-Ottomanism was tried to be dynamise during World War I became impossible with the Sevres Treaty and the idea of unifying all the Turks happened invalid and futile in the beginning of the Russian Revolution in 1918 and the Turkish War of Independence. After this ideological confusion seen in the 19th and early 20th centuries, modem Turkey which rose off the ashes of Ottoman Empire was located on a far sounder and decisive ideology.  [21]   As it is all known, Mustafa Kemal opposed to the ideologies of Pan-Ottomanism, Pan-Islamism and Pan-Turkism. He stated that the Turks had actions to do in Turkey, and acceptance of another policy would be unnecessary. The new nationalism which was adopted in the Republic of Turkey aimed at saving and developing the Anatolian Turks. Therefore, this nationalism was very dissimilar from nationalism of the Young Turk era.  [22]  However, it would be said that the Young Turk nationalism called Ottoman Turkishs attention to the existence of a nationality. Mustafa Kemal Atatà ¼rk had two major objectives: the foundation of a sovereign and independent Turkish state and to succeed this states modernization. As a result of these reasons, during the War of Independence the connection with the Sultan was cut off. Moreover, the sultanate was abolished on 1 November 1922 and the Caliphate was also abolished on 3 March 1924. By these reforms, Atatà ¼rk wanted a strong break from the past. His reforms constituted a well-organized and systematic tendency towards the West and he had the aim of achieving level of the European states in cultural, industrial, and economic fields.  [23]  

Functions of Network Management

Functions of Network Management In this report, I will be explaining the functions of network management. There are many stages to creating a network, these are: Planning planning is crucial, as you will need to map out what kind of network you want to create and what its purpose will be Research researching what network devices and cabling will be required, also researching topologies to create a suitable network Design design is essential as you will need to know what your network will look like before its made Preparation begin creating your network, install the cabling and devices and connect them Development Set up the devices in the network and make sure they are on and ready to communicate Testing test the network and check that everything is up and running smoothly Maintenance if any issues arise, troubleshoot the errors and make sure that the network is stable Evaluation analyse and understand the network, if any problems occur, document them so it will be easier to troubleshoot in the future. Task 1: Functions of network management P4 Network configuration is necessary to allow computers in a network to communicate with each other. Configuration exists to control networks and allow troubleshooting or performance enhancements. There are many devices used in a network. The most important medium are routers and switches. When configured correctly, it will allow them to communicate which then allows users to communicate with each other. Fault management is compulsory in any network as it will detect problems and minimise failure. In case of failure, it will be prepared to troubleshoot the issues as quick as possible. By monitoring the networks, you can see if an error occurs it will ensure that the network is up for as long as possible. Fault management could be approached from a remotely controlled centralised console, which will allow you to easily reboot or troubleshoot one or more computer. Account management involves taking care of the users account and ensuring they can access all software easily. The admin will make user accounts for people in an office or school in order for the users to access their files at work. Account management groups together the users with the same rights on their accounts, which makes it simpler for the administrator as they can make a change to the entire user group rather than each account. Account management is required in large networks like schools and organisations as it will allow the administrator to manage multiple accounts easily as it would be hard to install software or enable access to every single account separately. The purpose of performance variables is to work out how key parts of the network are and have been performing. By checking this, it is possible to measure whether the performance is decreasing or increasing, this is crucial because if performance is decreasing, you will be able to see it. Examples of performance variables are user response times and network throughput. Network throughput is how fast data is transferred through a network. User response times are how fast the network is for users. Line utilisation is the amount of data on the cabling, if too much data is loaded onto the cable it will alter performance. Security is essential in any network in order to ensure safety; by implementing security in a network, you will prevent viruses and other threats such as hacking. It is possible to get viruses in many different forms such as files and documents on the internet, spyware, even physical issues can be a threat such as fires. Because there are different types of threats to a network, there are different ways to deal with them all. Firewalls and antivirus software should be installed to prevent viruses from entering a network. If a virus is in a network, it can sabotage the performance of the network and put the companys data in jeopardy. It is also very important to back up the files to another server in case of an attack so if any data is lost it can be restored effectively. Data logging is recording all of the information that passes through a network, this will make it easier to identify problems in the network, as you will be able to look through the data and analyse where an error has occurred. Logs are not usually kept permanently as they may not be necessary. It is useful to have data logs in parts of the network where errors occur to help you identify them as soon as possible. Checking performance and traffic is essential to ensure that your network is performing as well as it can and clearing up traffic will improve performance. Reporting is a management feature which documents performance and the data usage throughout the network to the admins. The reports are often taken using systems such as Windows Server which reports response time and performance of packets. Task 2: Fault Management M2 Fault Management Fault management in networks is to locate and troubleshoot problems in the network. Fault management is important to keep the network running efficiently. Why is fault management necessary in networks? Fault management is essential, as it will allow the network to perform at its maximum capacity without being disrupted. If any errors occur, data in the network could be jeopardised so by troubleshooting errors as soon as possible it will allow the network to run with minimal errors. This should be carried out remotely as it will be time consuming to physically go to each device throughout the network. The main goals of fault management in any network is to: Monitor the network remotely Enable alerts to warn the network engineer about any failures Create logs to see past failures and prevent future problems One of the goals of fault management is to monitor the network remotely through a centralised device. This will allow the network engineer to control the network quickly and efficiently as they will not need to access each physical device which can be very time consuming. By monitoring performance, the network engineer can troubleshoot failure quickly. Another goal of fault management is to enable alerts to warn the network engineer when there is a fault in the network immediately. By ensuring that the network engineer is notified about faults, the fault can either be prevented or solved as quick as possible. This will make sure that the effect on the performance is minimal. Finally, creating logs of faults are essential as it will allow the network engineer to look back at it in the future and solve the problem quicker. This will also show how well the network is performing as you can see every fault that has previously occurred. If there is a recurring fault in the network, the engineer will be able to prevent it and ensure that it doesnt happen again. If the network is affected by a failure, this can alter performance and could cause the network to crash. This will be atrocious for the company as it can prevent staff from communicating and doing their jobs. Task 3: Routine performance management D1 Routine performance management is scheduled routine maintenance. This means that the network will be checked on a regular basis to ensure that it is up to speed. This is crucial for any business as you will want to make sure that the network is running smoothly and the companys information or data is not in jeopardy. If a companys network isnt checked frequently, it could severely impact the company as they could be in danger of losing data or if a part of the network is down, they wont be able to communicate which will end up losing the company money. There are many different types of risks ranging from physical issues to hardware issues, for example a fire which can endanger both lives and the hardware in the network and if a switch or router is overloaded which can cause it to fail or perform slowly which will also majorly affect the company. There are a few tasks that the network manager must do to check and keep the network up and running efficiently. Backups are extremely important in a network in case of data loss or failure. If any data is lost and the data hasnt been backed up in a long time this will be a huge setback for the company as they will have lost important information. It is important to backup data at least daily or weekly to ensure that you have the latest data available to restore in case of any errors or failures in the network. Backups can be made to multiple places. The most common one is to a remote server which will hold the companys data. This is efficient as the data is all stored in one place so it is easier to access and minimises downtime. Companies also often use redundant array of independent disks (RAID) hard drive systems. This is known as a live backup feature that backs up data as it is written. It has many hard disks that are interconnected that contain all the data. This is extremely useful and can also minimise downtime as it will allow the network engineer to restore the data very quickly. User accounts are used in every organisation as employees will need their own personal accounts to access the network and do their jobs. Every user has a unique personal username which makes it easier to identify each user. All users have the same privileges and must change their passwords often due to security reasons. The network admin will have control over the user accounts and can help employees if they forget their password. Users are usually put into groups of departments or services, for examples, Sales or Accounting. This makes it much easier for the network engineer to control each section of the network and can make changes to a group of people with ease. It is also more organised as people that do the same job will be in the same group. This gives everybody the same privileges and allows them to do their jobs efficiently. Logon scripts are activated once someone logs onto a device in a network. It is very useful as it automatically carries out tasks. Scripts are developed in the command prompt with scripting languages. This is useful as it can utilise commands such as ipconfig and look through commands as soon as the device is up and running. If the network engineer had to manually carry this out every single time it would take very long. Virus scans are crucial in any network to ensure network safety and efficiency. The network admin will run virus scans regularly on all devices on the network. If any viruses are found they will be logged in the virus software to clearly outline how many viruses have occurred since the last check. This is important as the network admin will be able to see viruses occur often which could show a weakness in the network. Virus checkers in a network will differ from the ones in a home network. On a network when a virus is encountered, the network admin will be notified and will investigate the virus. Checking for viruses is very important as a virus can jeopardise data within the network which is why the administrator must be notified immediately and eliminate the threat. Whereas at home, people use an antivirus software and carry out scans to check their devices. Frequent file clean ups are necessary to clear up space and organise data correctly. Any temporary files or old files should be deleted as it will not be necessary on the drives. This will free up space for files in the future which will be useful. The network admin should frequently check if the users have enough space on their drives to ensure efficiency. Task 4: Network Security Policy Security is essential in every network, especially for Phoenix. There is a range of security policies that will need to be implemented in the network for it to run efficiently and securely. These procedures will keep sensitive information safe and protect client data. Below I have outlined and covered the security policies that are necessary in any network for it to run smoothly. A firewall is a program that prevents viruses from entering the network. Firewall management is crucial in a network to stop attacks coming into the network. There are many types of attacks that can occur in a network, one type of attack is known as an access attack. This is when a stranger tries to gain information from the network and take control of the network. Another type of attack is a DoS (Denial of Service) attack, this type of attack will affect the systems in the network. This can block employees from accessing their systems which is a setback for the company. ACLs are used to permit or deny access to users throughout the network. The network admin may want a specific group of users to access resources, by adding ACLs the admin can reject access from other groups within the network. This is necessary for Phoenix because it will prevent outsiders from accessing data within the network. The devices in a network must be protected as they contain sensitive data. Hardening is making a device secure and reliable. There are many ways of hardening a device, one way this can be done is by enabling antivirus protection on each device to prevent it from viruses and malware. Another way a device can be more secure is having ACLs put on them, this will stop people from entering them without permission. Securing your devices is crucial in every network to ensure efficiency and reliability. If the device goes down or is hacked it could risk data theft which will setback the company, in this case, Phoenix. This involves reviewing the security policy frequently to ensure that the company is up and running securely. All the security policies are important to the network as they keep it up and running safely. A record should be kept of any threats so the network admin can look out for issues that have occurred in the past, and ensure that they dont happen again. By reviewing all the policies, it will allow the network to run at its optimal performance. Users should have the right permissions on their accounts. The network admin should check the users accounts once a week at least in case some users have rights that they arent supposed to have. This is important for Phoenix as it keeps the company organised and ensures safety by permitting the correct rights to users.

Personality Essay -- essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Psychology covers a huge field and one interesting aspect of it is personality. Personality by itself involves various issues. Some aspects are Psychoanalytic, Ego, Biological, Behaviorist, Cognitive, Trait, and Humanistic. Different types of behaviors are amazing to learn about, mainly the behavior therapy, collective behavior, crime and punishment, and Social behavior and peer acceptance in children. I chose Behaviorism over the other aspects because I believe behavior determines human personality and is very interesting. You can tell what one is by his behavior, and one behaves according to what place he has in society. By doing this paper on Behavior, I hope to get a better understanding of, if behavior develops a personality or if personality guides behavior. I also see behaviorism helping me in the future with my personal and professional career by understanding human personality and behavior better than I do. No matter what your major is , if you can determine one's personality by his behavior you can really get your work done from that person and understand the better than you would otherwise. This person could be your employee or your employer. Behavior Therapy Behavior therapy is the application of experimentally derived principles of learning to the treatment of psychological disorders. The concept derives primarily from work of Russian psychologist Ivan Pavlov. Behavior-therapy techniques differ from psychiatric methods, particularly psychoanalysis, in that they are predominately symptom (behavior) oriented and shows little or no concern for unconscious processes, achieving new insight, or effecting fundamental personality change. The U.S. psychologist B.F. Skinner, who worked with mental patients in a Massachusetts State hospital, popularized behavior therapy. From his work in animal learning, Skinner found that the establishment and extinction of responses can be determined by the way reinforces, or rewards, are given. The pattern of reward giving, both in time and frequency, is known as a schedule of reinforcement. The gradual change in behavior in approximation of the desired result is known as shaping. More recent developments in behavior therapy emphasize the adaptive nature of cognitive processes. Behavior-therapy techniques have been applied with some success to such disturbances as enuresis (bed-wetting), tics, phobias, stutteri... ...nvolving children to learn social acceptance showed us clearly how one behaves makes him what he is. I believe the same for adults. I believe if one behaves in a certain way for a long time, not only society with believe you are what you are behaving as but he himself will start believing he is what he is behaving as. Also I have learned to be more patient with people because I take a step in the further and think why a person would behave in a particular way. I now can see a clear difference between normal and abnormal behaviors. Benjamin, L. S. (1982). Use of structural analysis of social behavior (SASB) to guide intervention in psychotherapy. In J. C. Anchin & D. J. Kiesler (Eds.), Handbook of interpersonal psychotherapy (pp. 190-212). New York: Pergamon. Benis A.M. Toward Self & Sanity: On the Genetic Origins of the Human Character. Psychological Dimensions Publishers, New York, 1985 http://pmc.psych.nwu.edu/personality.html Carson, R. C. (1969). Interaction concepts of personality. Chicago: Aldine Gurtman, M. B. (1992b). Trust, distrust, and interpersonal problems: A circumplex analysis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 62, 989-1002.

Luxuries Even For the Environmentalist :: Essays Papers

Luxuries Even For the Environmentalist Imagine, instead ofbeing stuck in morning rush hour because you drive by yourself, youget to go in the HOV lanes simply because of the car you drive. This occurs within some states for those who own hybrids. Hybrids are the most practical vehicle for the majority of America ’s population because not only are they better for the environment but they also have almost all the features of luxury cars. Few individuals think of hybrid vehicles as a practical option when car shopping. With the combinedtechnology of electricity and gasoline, hybrid vehicles are more environmentally friendly then the standard gasoline driven car. However, most consumers worry more about their comforts than their effects on the environment, leading to disagreements on the best vehicle for the consumer’s needs. They argue that many luxuries are lost in the hybrids because hybrids are more expensive to manufacture, and are not as large as some conventional gas cars. This has changed though. Since hybridsbecame available there has been an increase in efficiencies, moreluxuriesand increased driver benefits. When first designed, hybrid vehicles aimed toreduce fuel consumption by half ofalready high gas mileage vehicles. The hybrid’s historystarted off rocky because the electric batteries, generators, and motorshad losses of 15-25 percent in energy, causing it to be more desirable toroute as much of the engine power directly to the wheels (Cheng 114). Doing so, however, was not sufficient for power. Since 1975, five improvements were made that rendered itmore available to the public. These included decrease in electrical losses down to 2-4%, improved shapes to produce far higher energiesand powers, magnetic bearings, new turbines from other materials to increasethermal efficiencies, and small turbochargers for piston engines (Cheng 114). Together these improvements made the hybrid more aerodynamic,efficient and lower in cost to manufacture. In a recentstudy by W. Chenget al, the hybrid was compared to gas turbine-engine vehicles. Their results showed that the hybrid engi ne would producevirtually no vehicle pollution during trips less than 30 minutes, and lessthan normal cars when trips were longer. The strongestcharacteristic of the hybrids is the higher gas mileage which allows it tobe more environmentally friendly and cost effective.

Applied Linguistic And Language Learning

Today, linguistics is developed rapidly. Another aspect related to the fields of language study is also growing. Studies on language not only covers one aspect only, but has extended to areas or aspects outside the language associated with the use of language and human life. Linguistic theory is a branch of applied linguistics that focuses on the general theory and methods common in language research. Branches of linguistics can be divided into phonology, morphology, syntax, and semantics.Therefore, applied linguistics can be applied in any field. One is education related to language learning. According to Bloom & Lahey (Owen, 1992:14), language is very complex systems that can be well understood with elaborate an element or component functions. Language can be divided into three principal, though not equally important components: patterns, content, and usability. When people use language, it encodes the ideas (semantics), ie, it uses a symbol of sounds, words, and so represent an ac tual incident, object, or relationship.To communicate these ideas to others, the use of certain patterns, which include such an important part together with the corresponding sounds (phonology), the appropriate word order (syntax), and the prefix and suffix appropriate word (morphology) to clarify more specific. Speaker uses components to receive certain communications purposes, such as searching for information, get information or to get a response (pragmatics). To discuss more in depth the relationship of applied linguistics and language learning,  the following is mentioned several things that become problems in this study. The question is as follows: 1. What is the applied linguistics?2. What are the objects of study that applied linguistics? 3. How is the relationship between applied linguistics with language learning?II. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 2.1 Definition of Applied Linguistics The words applied/ apply, worthily to apply, which means Wearing or Using could also be i nterpreted tread, use, and deploy. Word meaning Applied = put to practical use. Word applied derived from compounding of applied linguistics. There are also linguists who disagree with the term applied linguistics, for example, Spolsky (1978) in Pateda (2011), he is more likely to agree with the terms of educational linguistics. The reasons of it, the scope of applied linguistics are broader than linguistic education, because applied linguistics also related to the translation, lexicography, language planning and other aspects.The term applied linguistics refers to a variety of activities that involve some aspects related to the language problem solving or addressing some of the concerns related to language. The object of applied linguistics study is not another language, that are the human language that serves as (1) communication systems that use speech as a medium, (2) human language daily, (3) the language that is used daily by humans as members of a particular community, or in English is called with an ordinary language or a natural language. This means the spoken language as the primary object of linguistic, whereas written language as a secondary object of linguistics, as written language can be considered as â€Å"derivative† of spoken language.The following is mentioned several sciences related to applied linguistics as the object of his studies that are: (1) Applied Linguistics or the sciences of language aspects, and in this case the language used in the literal sense. This is called pure linguistic, (2) the sciences of language, and in this case, the term language used in a figurative or metaphorical sense. Examples of science that category is kinesic and paralinguistic. Kinesic is the science of body motion/ gesture/ body language, such as head nods, hand signals and others. Paralinguistic is a science that focuses on specific activities that accompany the  pronunciation of the language, such as wheezing breath, clicking sound, laughing, small coughing, astonished forms such as ehm, anu, apa itu, apa ya and so forth, (3)Science on the opinions of the language. Metalinguistic, for example, the science that discuss the ins and outs of â€Å"language† used to describe language that is reflected in terms of linguistic theory studies, linguistics methods study, etc., (4) The sciences of the language sciences. Which belong to this category are studies that specialize in linguistics itself, just as the study of the history of linguistics, linguistic studies in the twentieth century and others. The four types of knowledge mentioned above, the only number (1) who could be called as a purely linguistic knowledge because it’s really language, while the others are not a science of language in daily terms. It could be argued that the language be applied linguistics object studied from various aspects.Those include aspects of sounds, morphemes and words, phrases and sentences as well as meaning. Branch of linguistic s which studies of sound is phonological. Morpheme or word level studied in morphology. Phrases/ sentences discussed in syntax. Whereas meaning studied in separate science called as semantics. Thus, it can be said that linguistic branches in terms of â€Å"tataran† consist of phonology, morphology, syntax and semantics. Based on the above, it appears that applied linguists focused more on the application of linguistics in language teaching.This means that the applied linguistic closely related to: (1) the application of linguistic in the field of a practical use, (2) not applied linguistic theory, but the application of the theory that is linguistic theory, (3) the goal of improving the practical tasks with focusing on language.2.2 Definition Language Learning According Degeng (1997), Learning is an attempt to learn student. Teachers should be able to select appropriate learning strategies in any kind of learning activity, so it will be the actual achievement of learning obje ctives. Gilstrap and Martin (1975) also stated that the teacher's role is more closely related to the success of learners, especially with respect to the ability of teachers to define learning strategies. Learning a language is essentially a study of communication.Therefore, learning the language is directed to enhance the learner's ability to communicate, both  orally and in writing (Department of Education, 1995). This is relevant to the curriculum in 2004 that the competence of language learning directed into four, sub-aspects namely reading, speaking, listening, and listening. Brown (2000:7) suggested reconsidering some of the traditional definitions. Dictionary ‘ present ‘ reveals that learning is the acquisition of knowledge, (acquiring or getting of knowledge of a subject or a skill by study, experience, or instruction).2.3 The Relationship between Applied Linguistics and Language Learning The link between applied linguistics and language teaching, Soenardji exp lained as follows: a scientific analysis of the various symptoms formulated into rules phonologic, morphological and syntactic processing into instructional materials in language teaching. According Basiran (1999) purpose of language learning is to improve the communication skills of learners in a variety of communication contexts. Capabilities developed are comprehension of meaning, the role, the power of interpretation, assess, and express themselves with language.All of them are grouped into language, understanding, and use. To achieve the objectives above, language learning should recognize the principles of language learning that is then manifested in their learning activities, as well as make these aspects as a guide in their learning activities. Principles of language learning can be summarized as follows: (1) Learners will learn best when treated as individuals who have needs and interests, (2) Learning is given the opportunity participated in communicative language use in a variety of activities, (3) Learning is when he intentionally focused learning to shape, skills, and strategies to support language acquisition process, (4)Learning is deployed in the data socio-cultural and direct experience with being part of a culture of the target language, (5) If aware of the role and nature language and culture, (6) If given appropriate feedback regarding their progress, and (7) If given the opportunity to manage their own learning (Aminuddin, 1994). In language teaching there are terms and concepts need to be understood in the proper sense, for example, approaches, methods, and techniques. The approach is a set of assumptions regarding the nature of language, and language learning. The method is an overall plan in a systematic presentation of language based approaches is determined. While the technique are specific activities that  are implemented in the classroom, in harmony with the methods and approaches that have been. Thus the approach is axiomatic, a method is procedural, and technique is operational.III. PROBLEM & DISCUSSION Generally, it can be stated that linguistics is the science of language, or the science that makes language as an object of its study, as stated Martinet (1987:19) study of the science of human language. Linguistics often called general linguistics, linguistic science means that not only examines a language course, but examining the intricacies of language in general, the language became a tool of social interaction of humans, which is the French term called â€Å"langage†. For example, words in Indonesian â€Å"Perpanjang† can be analyzed into two morphemes, namely the â€Å"per-â€Å" and â€Å"panjang†. Morpheme per- referred to as the causative morpheme because it gives the sense of ‘ caused so ‘ extended meaning ‘ caused something to be long ‘.As a means of human communication, language is a system that is at once systematic and systemic. What is meant by systemic is that language is not a single system, but also consists of several subsystems of phonology, morphology, and syntax. As a science, linguistics also has a long history. Language learning activities result in an attempt to learn the language learners with effective and efficient manner. Efforts can be made and the purpose of analysis and study of the students’ characteristics, analysis of learning resources, establish a strategy of organizing, learning content, learning delivery strategy set, set a learning management strategy, and establish procedures for the measurement of learning outcomes.Therefore, every teacher must have skills in choosing learning strategies for each type of learning activity. Thus, selecting appropriate learning strategies in any kind of learning activity, the expected achievement of learning objectives can be met. A language learning program that is comprehensive and integrated cannot escape from giving input linguistic and cultural aspects at the same time. This is necessary so that students can apply their linguistic skills and language skills in a cultural context, as embraced by the community. In the process of language learning, there are a number of variables, which is both linguistic and nonlinguistic nature, which can determine the success of the learning process. Variables it is not a thing apart and stand on their own,  but is interconnected, related, so it is a system network.Language learning successes namely called principles of learning, which can be grouped into the principles of psychological students, and the nature of linguistic material. Psychological principles include motivations, their own experience, curiosity, analysis and synthesis of individual distinction. Thus, it can be concluded that applied linguistics is associated with both Indonesian language learning and second language taught to students. One study applied linguistics is contrastive analysis is very useful for educators in determin ing what material will be delivered in the language learning, which is adapted to the similarities and differences between the native language of students with second language students will learn.In the error analysis, easier for students to use second language and to correct any errors that may occur in the use of the second language, so that minimize the occurrence of errors in language. Analyzing language also helps in determining the method to be used in language learning..IV. CONCLUSION Applied linguistics is the utilization of knowledge about natural language produced by students of language that is used to increase keberhasilgunaan practical tasks that use language as a core component. The object of study of applied linguistics is not another language, the human language that serves as a communication system that uses speech as a medium; human language daily, a language that is used daily by humans as members of a particular community, or in English is called with an ordinary language or a natural language.For the purposes of language learning, applied linguistics focused on: (1) theoretical grains that have strong validity in linguistics, and (2) a wide range of possibilities and alternatives to guide the implementation of language teaching. Possibilities and alternatives were sought to be consistent and in line with the theoretical point in linguistics. Based on the above, it can be said that applied linguistics is associated with both Indonesian language learning or second language is taught to students.One study applied linguistics is contrastive analysis is very useful for educators in determining what material will be delivered in language learning that is adapted with similarities and differences between the native language of students with second language students will learn. I  the error analysis, easier for students to use second language and to correct any errors that may occur in the use of the second language, so that minimize the occurre nce of errors in language. Analyzing language also helps in determining the method to be used in language learning.