Wednesday, October 30, 2019

Hypnosis A personlised induction to hynosis will always be more Essay

Hypnosis A personlised induction to hynosis will always be more effective. ''Discuss'' - Essay Example Emotion should never be avoided because it will work on the individual's sub-conscience. The commands should be stressed and emotionally underlined and according to therapists, slight overacting works very well. Conceptual negatives are comprised with words like no, not, never, which are, traditionally not used it hypnosis scripts, can be used in personalised scripts in a very suggestive and forceful way, without conveying a negative meaning. "There is no need for you hesitate; you will find the entire experience exhilarating!" Four sense test increases the power of the suggestion by lengthening it. This only means decorating the expectations of the hypnotised person, by glorifying it. By creating a sensational visualisation, with powerful and persuasive approach the theorist can improve the impact tremendously. According to recent researches, hypnosis has the power to change the functioning of the brain, by using functional brain imaging, according to John Gruzlier. (http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn6385-hypnosis-really-changes-your-mind.html ) It has always been known that mind works differently while in hypnotised state and this proves the compliance theory wrong.

Sunday, October 27, 2019

The Communist Manifesto by Marx and Engels

The Communist Manifesto by Marx and Engels The passage I have chosen to analyze critically is a part of the book The Communist Manifesto authored by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels who are both political theorists. This particular passage has been taken from the second chapter of the book which is named Proletarians and Communists. The Communist Manifesto is considered to be one of the bravest books of all time. Karl Marx, after being banished from Paris for his comments on radical politics, he established a group of working class people from Germany and together they formed The Communist League. The testimonials of the communal principles of the group were written down which later took the form of the book, the Communist Manifesto. The book unwraps with the thought that- The history of all hitherto societies has been the history of class struggles. In the book, the authors talk about the drawbacks that have arisen in the society due to the formation of two classes: the bourgeois and the proletariats, and the antagonism between these two classes. In the first chapter of the book Bourgeois and Proletarians, Marx and Engels describe the rise of the bourgeois class, in which he thought the French revolution had played a huge part. He also explains that how tremendously the bourgeois class is harmful to the society and that it will be the cause of its own destruction. In the second chapter of the book Proletarians and Communists, the authors main focus is on the ideologies and features of the Communists and that they aim to work on behalf of the proletariats. He also expresses own thoughts regarding the modern bourgeois property features, wage-labor, capital accumulation and lastly ends his argument by saying, In place of the old bourgeois society, with its classes and class antagonisms, we shall have an association, in which the free development of each is the condition for the free development of all. Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels in this chapter mostly talks about the determined willpower of the communists towards the formation of proletariat into a class, overthrow the bourgeois supremacy and the power governance/takeover by the proletariat class in this chapter. They discuss many of the reasons why property and capital are at the power of the bourgeois class. In the passage I have chosen they argue that the wage labour creates only capital which in turn creates the property, but only for the bourgeois not the proletariats and this system needs to be changed in the society. In the first paragraph, the author talks about wage labour- the person who comes to work to earn a minimum salary for living. There is a certain aggression in the tone of the writing throughout the whole chapter which reflects their rage regarding the issue. They say that the average salary of a wage-labour is only the least possible amount of money needed for the worker to only come to work every day. What, therefore, the wage-labourer appropriates by means of his labour, merely suffices to prolong and reproduce a bare existence.- Marx and Engels seem to write this with complete offence and disbelief.ÂÂ   Because the scenario which they are talking about, which in fact still exists now, is that workers put their effort and are exploited constantly by the bourgeois class. The two dollars therefore expresses the relation in which labor-power is exchanged for other commodities, the exchange value of labor-power. The exchange value of a commodity estimated in money is called its price this is an extract from Karl Marxs writing Wage Labour and Capital in which he clearly explains that the wage labourer only receives the money in exchange for his work. This turns to the fact that a proletariat sells its own flesh and meat in exchange of a minuscule amount of money, which is completely undeserved. Moving on to an example from Adam Smiths book The Wealth of Nations. He says that a commodity is only priced at the cost of what it requires for the person to bring the product into the market. He explains the factors that are looked into while pricing a commodity where wage of the labour is only one of the factors; hence it is very distinct that the wage labourer cannot even afford to buy the product he himself has produced in the factory. His salary is just a bare minimum for him to afford some food and clothing so that he can come to work the next day to be exploited again by the bourgeois. The two kinds of societies that are talked about are the bourgeois or todays capitalist society, and the other is the imagined communist society which communists aim to establish. The authors expresses that in the capitalist mode of production, the workers are only seen as the work power or the force that will earn more capital for the bourgeois through their effort. But in the communist society, the whole proletariat class is a way to promote and enrich themselves and their lives too and not only serving the bourgeois. In bourgeois society, therefore, the past dominates the present; in Communist society, the present dominates the past- this statement is not very precise or clear, but from the lines written just before and after this statement it appears as if Marx and Engels think of the accumulated labour as the past and living labour as the present. Hence, the motivation and ambition to produce more labours will give rise to exploitation by the bourgeois on the present working lab our. The labourer only exists because it has to work for increasing the capital which brings me to the point that capital is materialistic, an inanimate object whereas the proletariat is a living person with will, wish and needs. Despite this being a fact, in the capitalist society, the bourgeois dominate the proletariats for which they gain no power or anything and are not free willed. Whereas capital, when controlled being a material object, has complete power to run anything or anyone. It is possible for the owner of capital to run his work without any particular labourer amongst the millions, but it is the labourers who are entirely and in a very complexed way dependent upon selling their labour. Also, the labourers do not have the opportunity to choose between a numbers of capitalists. In this way the labourers are destined to cope up with conditions in which they always give more labour power as an input than they get back in reward as the incentive. In the last paragraph from the suggested passage I have chosen, the authors seems to talk about the fact that the destruction of this cycle of manipulation and corruption, which is desired by the communists is thought to be unreasonable by the bourgeois society. The bourgeois society holds the communists accountable for depriving them of their individuality and freedom. By critically analyzing it appears that Marx and Engels critiques the existing capitalist society by saying that By freedom is meant, under the present bourgeois conditions of production, free trade, free selling, and free buying. In Capitalist mode of production the freedom is the freedom to buy and sell in the market for free, but only for the bourgeois.ÂÂ   Bourgeois desire to earn as much as capital they can earn needed that is crucial to acquire all the social power in the society. Throughout the whole writing it is very evident that Marx and Engels have persistently portrayed that the whole society is about the exchange of the propertied class and the property-less class. But this is only for profitable development of the former class by the help of the latter. The Communist Manifesto, being one of the most influential political theory books has been an inspiration for many also in the contemporary society today. It has very boldly addressed the social relations and structure of power in the society and how it depends on the production process. It has shown that proletariats are only worth to the bourgeois as long as it brings profits. But there are some aspects of the writing which makes us think about the usefulness and consequences of the establishment of a communist society. Marx and Engels point out several times that if the bourgeois possess majority of the property then exploitation will continue but an argument they also make is that the owner of the m eans of production do not work but make others work for them. Therefore, if proletariat forms into a class and earns property for them, they are also bound to become idle. Proletariats will also not work and fall under the bourgeois class and use their cogency to compel others to work for them. This circle of power struggles is bound to continue in different forms probably, which is why Marx and Engels writing is still essential.

Friday, October 25, 2019

Ethiopia Essay -- Economy Geography Ethiopia Essays

Ethiopia   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It stands as one of the oldest nations of the world, dating back to 1000 BC when the Queen of Sheba visited King Solomon. Ethiopia was a nation with promise, a nation with riches and the greatest Ivory market as far as the eye can see. So one would assume that Ethiopia is the place to live. Well if you have been to Ethiopia you would see this is not the case. Ethiopia is a povershed country where people are fighting to live everyday. There economy is nearly in ruins and there main export, is almost stolen from them. But the promise that Ethiopia had when the Queen of Sheba visited King Solomon is still there. But in order to restore Ethiopia to its previous glory, we need your help. We need that $50 million to give life back to the Ethiopian people. General Facts Official Name: Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia Capital City: Addis Ababa Independence Day: September 12 Total Area: 1,127,127 km^2 Land Area: 1,119,683 km^2 Water Area: 7,444 km^2 Population: 72,400,000 Languages: Amharic, Tigrinya, Oromigna, Guaragigna, Somali, Arabic, other local languages, English (major foreign language taught in schools) Religion: Muslim 45%-50%, Ethiopian Orthodox 35%-40%, Animist 12%, Other 3%-8% Life Expectancy: 37 Currency: Birr (As of January 26, 2005, 1 birr = 0.14783 CAN, 1 CAN =6.764 birr) GDP: 700 (per capita) Labour Force by Occupation: agriculture and animal husbandry 80%; government and services 12%; industry and construction 8% Industries: food processing, beverages, textiles, chemicals, metals processing, cement Imports: coffee, qat, gold, leather products, live animals, oilseeds (Continued) Exports: food and live animals, petroleum and petroleum products, chemicals, machinery, motor vehicles, cereals, textiles Problems Today Ethiopia has a very bad basic health status compared to other countries with a low income. The health service coverage is 50.4%. Almost one out of every ten babies who are born in Ethiopia dies in their first year. Mortality rate for those under five is also high; statistics show that one out of every six children dies before they turn five. Malnutrition, micronutrient deficiencies, and HIV/AIDS dominate Ethiopia's problem of disease. Diseases such as meningitis, malaria, cholera, measles, and shigellosis have become epidemic. Economic Problems   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There ... ...g $300,000 dollars, we need to send peacemakers to Ethiopia and settle the dispute over the Eritrea territory. There is so much money wasted by the Ethiopian government towards the military that could be used to help the Ethiopian people. Conclusion   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As you may now realize, Ethiopia is almost a country in ruins. It is plagued with disease and war. No matter what the government does it still seems to get worse and the government still seems to be in billions of dollars in debt. But if you accept my proposal, you will see Ethiopia get back to its former economic glory. Once again, it will produce riches; the people of Ethiopia will get cleaner water and a job. Not a job on there farm where crops are ruined, but a job in industry. They will be trained. They will come out of debt. And in time, all the money that is owed to Canada will be repaid. This isn’t just a plan to help a country for a few months. This is a revolution. This plan will pave the way for all third world countries to come out of debt and give back to their people, what the people gave to there country. Countries will give life back to the people. So accept our proposal, it will help everyone in need. Ethiopia Essay -- Economy Geography Ethiopia Essays Ethiopia   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It stands as one of the oldest nations of the world, dating back to 1000 BC when the Queen of Sheba visited King Solomon. Ethiopia was a nation with promise, a nation with riches and the greatest Ivory market as far as the eye can see. So one would assume that Ethiopia is the place to live. Well if you have been to Ethiopia you would see this is not the case. Ethiopia is a povershed country where people are fighting to live everyday. There economy is nearly in ruins and there main export, is almost stolen from them. But the promise that Ethiopia had when the Queen of Sheba visited King Solomon is still there. But in order to restore Ethiopia to its previous glory, we need your help. We need that $50 million to give life back to the Ethiopian people. General Facts Official Name: Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia Capital City: Addis Ababa Independence Day: September 12 Total Area: 1,127,127 km^2 Land Area: 1,119,683 km^2 Water Area: 7,444 km^2 Population: 72,400,000 Languages: Amharic, Tigrinya, Oromigna, Guaragigna, Somali, Arabic, other local languages, English (major foreign language taught in schools) Religion: Muslim 45%-50%, Ethiopian Orthodox 35%-40%, Animist 12%, Other 3%-8% Life Expectancy: 37 Currency: Birr (As of January 26, 2005, 1 birr = 0.14783 CAN, 1 CAN =6.764 birr) GDP: 700 (per capita) Labour Force by Occupation: agriculture and animal husbandry 80%; government and services 12%; industry and construction 8% Industries: food processing, beverages, textiles, chemicals, metals processing, cement Imports: coffee, qat, gold, leather products, live animals, oilseeds (Continued) Exports: food and live animals, petroleum and petroleum products, chemicals, machinery, motor vehicles, cereals, textiles Problems Today Ethiopia has a very bad basic health status compared to other countries with a low income. The health service coverage is 50.4%. Almost one out of every ten babies who are born in Ethiopia dies in their first year. Mortality rate for those under five is also high; statistics show that one out of every six children dies before they turn five. Malnutrition, micronutrient deficiencies, and HIV/AIDS dominate Ethiopia's problem of disease. Diseases such as meningitis, malaria, cholera, measles, and shigellosis have become epidemic. Economic Problems   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There ... ...g $300,000 dollars, we need to send peacemakers to Ethiopia and settle the dispute over the Eritrea territory. There is so much money wasted by the Ethiopian government towards the military that could be used to help the Ethiopian people. Conclusion   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As you may now realize, Ethiopia is almost a country in ruins. It is plagued with disease and war. No matter what the government does it still seems to get worse and the government still seems to be in billions of dollars in debt. But if you accept my proposal, you will see Ethiopia get back to its former economic glory. Once again, it will produce riches; the people of Ethiopia will get cleaner water and a job. Not a job on there farm where crops are ruined, but a job in industry. They will be trained. They will come out of debt. And in time, all the money that is owed to Canada will be repaid. This isn’t just a plan to help a country for a few months. This is a revolution. This plan will pave the way for all third world countries to come out of debt and give back to their people, what the people gave to there country. Countries will give life back to the people. So accept our proposal, it will help everyone in need.

Thursday, October 24, 2019

The Life Experiences of Sir Walter Raleigh

The life experiences of Sir Walter Raleigh influenced the style of his writing. The style of his writing is revealed in his poems â€Å"the lie†, â€Å"sir Walter Raleigh to the queen†, and â€Å"the nymph’s reply to the shepherd. Raleigh was born around 1552 in Hayes Barton, Devonshire (pg. 1063). Raleigh was famed for being a courtier, a navigator, a poet, and a historian. After a failed expedition in South America he was arrested in connection with destruction of a Spanish settlement (pg. 1063) with his confrontation with the Spanish in Venezuela. He lost his son and was forced to return to England (pg. 248). Despite a royal command not to engage in battle with Spanish settlers, Raleigh’s fleet entered Spanish territory (pg. 248). He was also accused of conspiring against James I and barely avoided his death sentence (pg. 1063) following the death of Queen Elizabeth in 1603 Raleigh was again accused of conspiring against King James and was sent to the London tower again for 13 years (pg. 248). Raleigh served in the Huguenot army in France in 1569 (pg. 1063). In 1584 he set up a colony on Roanoke Island, Virginia (pg. 48). In 1585 he was knighted by Queen Elizabeth I, for his many years as a court favorite (pg. 1063). He lived to 1618; his death was by execution for disobeying king James I (pg. 249). â€Å"The lie† is considered Raleigh’s best known work, it was written in approximately 1595(pg. 2251). Many consider â€Å"the lie† an atheistic poem for its many religious accusations. Though â€Å"th e lie† has such accusations they are directed solely against earthly bound institutions and human undertakings (pg. 2252). Raleigh’s poem â€Å"the lie† is based on the concept of disillusionment. This is the process that proceeds by inexorable degrees of stripping one layer of falsity after another until the last in gone (pg. 2251). The last line in each stanza of the poem is actually a variant of the phrase â€Å"and give the world the lie† (pg. 2251). Some suggest that Raleigh was not the author of â€Å"the lie† because the poem’s puritanical viewpoints (stableford). Because the poem makes no distinctions and offers no policies. The poem is less concerned with organizing human behavior but more concerned with admitting and accepting the truth (stableford). The entire piece was written for the poet himself as a way to reevaluate himself with a coldly clinical and harsh eye (stableford). During Raleigh’s time many great poets were about, such as Christopher Marlowe, who wrote the poem the passionate shepherd to his love. Many poets write poems in response to others. This poem is called a reply poem, or a poem that replies to another. Raleigh’s â€Å"the nymph’s reply to the shepherd† is one of such a poem (pg. 251). â€Å"The nymph’s reply to the shepherd† is an example of a pastoral poem, or a poem about love and a care free â€Å"country† existence. Sir Walter Raleigh to the queen† was written between 1581 and 1587 (pg. 3407). Many question whether â€Å"Sir Walter Raleigh to the queen† is really a five stanza poem, but two poems combined (MacDonald). Queen Elizabeth, literate and unmarried, enjoyed playing the clever game of love using poetry as a way to tie the nobles to h er (MacDonald). Sir Raleigh being a court favorite with numerous enemies had to constantly go between flattery and savvy gamesmanship (MacDonald). â€Å"Sir Walter Raleigh to the queen† central theme is true love is painfully silent (MacDonald). Raleigh emphasized a traditional Elizabethan view of mankind as torn between passion and logic (MacDonald). Raleigh had secretly married to one of the queen’s maids of honor; he and his wife were imprisoned in the tower of London for a time but then released (pg. 248). Though Sir Walter Raleigh’s ended in tragedy his works are still read to this day and have greatly influenced the world of poetry. From â€Å"the lie† to â€Å"Sir Walter Raleigh to the queen† all have reshaped the traditional love poem with a mix of witty rhythms and hidden love.

Wednesday, October 23, 2019

Developing a Marketing Research Proposal

Marketing Research Professor Tom Tafolla Midterm Exam Developing a Marketing Research Proposal 84179 Marketing Research Proposal Kraft Food Healthy Snack Product Development for 50+ Market Introduction For years, Kraft Foods are hiring experts to conduct lengthy studies on a product's marketability, visual and taste, all to sell you more foods stuffed with sugar, fat and salt. Now Kraft Food is blamed by publics it only cares about consumers' personal taste, but not personal health, especially for the aged people.Since baby boomer is a uge population in the US and nave a strong purchasing power, they are trying to save their losing competitiveness in this huge market. Therefore Kraft Food's product development department is seeking a research service consultant to conduct baby boomer market, to discover new product opportunities of healthy snacks. Research Objectives The objectives of this research are: 1 . To understand how baby boomers make snack purchase decisions and choices. 2. To learn who are the key influencer in snack consumption decisions in baby boomer market 3.To gain insights into the obstacles to choosing Kraft Food product 4. To understand what health considerations exist in baby boomer market Marketing Challenges and Opportunities Challenges: 1 . Kraft Food products' images are deeply rooted in the hearts of people's mind, which is tasty, satisfying your bliss point, but not very healthy. 2. Snack is usually designed for leisure time between meals; people seldom consider its health value. Opportunities: 1. Baby boomer is a huge market and has strong purchasing power 2. The lack of healthy snack market 3.If consumer is looking for an easy way to eat healthy, without having to change their daily routine too drastically, snacks should be a good entry point. Information Coverage Information for this research will be collected according to the following hierarchy of needs: 1. Baby boomer group information 2. Healthy food information Research Design P rimary Research: 1 . In store observation: baby boomer's purchasing routine and behavior on snacks. Healthy considerations while making choice. 2. In home interview: baby boomer's eating routine on snacks

Tuesday, October 22, 2019

Quotes to Turn to When Youve Been Hurt

Quotes to Turn to When Youve Been Hurt There is an old saying that goes, It is easier to hurt than to heal. Inflicting pain on others to get revenge when youve been hurt might initially seem fulfilling, but it only ends up stoking a bigger fire in your heart. Confrontation is almost never a solution in the long run. Get some insight from these quotes about being hurt. Famous Quotes Albert CamusTo live is to hurt others, and through others, to hurt oneself. Cruel earth! How can we manage not to touch anything? To find what ultimate exile? Robert FulghumPlay fair. Dont hit people. Say youre sorry when you hurt somebody. B. Graham DienertMany people pray as if God were a big aspirin pill; they come only when they hurt. Lillian SmithThe human heart dares not stay away too long from that which hurt it most. There is a return journey to anguish that few of us are released from making. Joanne Kathleen RowlingPoverty is a lot like childbirth you know it is going to hurt before it happens, but youll never know how much until you experience it. Will RogersA remark generally hurts in proportion to its truth. Muhammad AliLife is a gamble. You can get hurt, but people die in plane crashes, lose their arms and legs in car accidents; people die every day. Same with fighters: some die, some get hurt, some go on. You just dont let yourself believe it will happen to you. Carl SandburgAnger is the most impotent of passions. It effects nothing it goes about and hurts the one who is possessed by it more than the one against whom it is directed. Chuck PalahniukThat old saying, how you always hurt the one you love, well, it works both ways. Diego RiveraIf I ever loved a woman, the more I loved her, the more I wanted to hurt her. Frida was only the most obvious victim of this disgusting trait. Penelope SweetDepression is nourished by a lifetime of ungrieved and unforgiven hurts. Jessamyn WestIve done more harm by the falseness of trying to please than by the honesty of trying to hurt. George Bernard ShawCruelty would be delicious if one could only find some sort of cruelty that didnt really hurt. Erma BombeckThere is a thin line that separates laughter and pain, comedy and tragedy, humor and hurt. Mark TwainIt takes your enemy and your friend, working together to hurt you to the heart; the one to slander you and the other to get the news to you. Alexis CarrelEveryone makes a greater effort to hurt other people than to help himself. Indian ProverbGreat anger is more destructive than the sword. Henry Wadsworth LongfellowA word that has been said may be unsaid it is but air. But when a deed is done, it cannot be undone, nor can our thoughts reach out to all the mischiefs that may follow. Ecclesiasticus 28:16 (Apocrypha)Many have fallen by the edge of the sword, but not so many as have fallen by the tongue. Chinese ProverbTwo barrels of tears will not heal a bruise.

Monday, October 21, 2019

Multidatabase Query Processing, Introduction to Transaction Management, Distributed Concurrency Control, Distributed DBMS Reliability Essay Example

Multidatabase Query Processing, Introduction to Transaction Management, Distributed Concurrency Control, Distributed DBMS Reliability Essay Example Multidatabase Query Processing, Introduction to Transaction Management, Distributed Concurrency Control, Distributed DBMS Reliability Essay Multidatabase Query Processing, Introduction to Transaction Management, Distributed Concurrency Control, Distributed DBMS Reliability Essay Essay Topic: Gun Control Introduction to Transaction Management Name: Course: Lecturer: Date: Introduction to Transaction Management A transaction is a sequence of operations of the database that are organized in a basic unit where databases are kept reliable and consistent. A database is said to be consistent when it has the following features; it has referential integrity, it maintains entity integrity and if it remains within the constraints set by the domain values. Moreover, a database should remain consistent before the execution of a transaction and after. During the execution of a transaction, a database should be in an inconsistent state where no other transaction should be exposed to it. Regardless of the number of transactions accessing the database, it should always remain in a consistent state[1]. The reliability of a database is determined by its capability to recover and its resiliency. A transaction is a sequence of operations involving the commands of reading and writing on a database. For instance an SQL statement is regarded as a transaction, a program that is enclosed by the commands ‘Begin-transaction’ and ‘end’ is also a transaction. A transaction can be terminated by commands of committing it or rolling it back. If a transaction is committed, it has been successfully completed and if it is rolled back, it has been aborted. The commit command makes the effect of the operations of the database permanent and the results can be viewed by all other transactions. The rollback command on the other hand has the effect of undoing the operations and restoring the database to the state it was before the transaction was executed[2]. Transactions can fail to complete for three reasons. They could be aborted by the management system, either if the system crashes or if the transaction aborts itself. When this occurs, the effects of the transaction should be undone. This helps the user to forget about the undone transaction as it has already been taken care of. However, if a transaction is completed it should be durable and its effects should last. The database management system log ensures the undoing of incomplete transactions where necessary. A database must ensure that four very important qualities of a transaction are fulfilled. These are atomicity, consistency, isolation and durability. All transactions should be atomic, meaning that they are supposed to either happen or not. All transactions should run by themselves and should be consistent. By default, the database management system assumes that the transactions are consistent. Transactions should be isolated from the effects of other transactions that are executable concurrently. The effects of the transaction should be consistent once the user is notified of their success even in the event of the crashing of the system. A user is usually responsible for the consistency of their transaction. If a database is in a consistent state when the transaction is beginning, the database should remain in the same state after the transaction is over. The management system for the database does the work of enforcing the commands and other constraints that the transactions should operate on. Every transaction sees the database as consistent. The user issues commands that prompt transactions and assume that each transaction shall be executed by itself; however, the management system of the database arranges the actions to be performed concurrently. The total effect shows the user that the many transactions that they have tasked the system to perform have been executed one after the other[3]. Since transactions are seen as series of read and write commands by the management system, a list of actions is developed. The management system also specifies if the transaction is to be committed or aborted. A schedule is created by the management system for transactions. The schedule is a list of actions, whether read, commit, write or abort that are attributed to a set of transactions. The order in which they happen in the schedule is similar to how they occur in the transaction. The schedule is also seen as an execution sequence of a set of transactions. The schedule describes actions as they are seen by the management system. Transactions are of different types and can be classified according to different classifications. By applications, transactions can be regular or distributed transactions. The transactions can also be compensating or heterogeneous. A compensating transaction has the purpose of undoing the effects of previous transactions. A heterogeneous transaction on the other hand has the runs in a heterogeneous database. By duration, transactions can be classified as short-life or on-line transactions or as Batch or long-life transactions. By structure, there are nested transactions and traditional flat structured transactions[4]. There are other types of transactions, for instance, a sub-transaction is a transaction that must begin after its parent transaction and end before its parent transaction. This means that the commit or abort command of this kind of transaction depends on its parent. The sub-transactions that exist within one parent are executable in parallel. The sub transactions have a special feature of recovering from failures independently without affecting the rest of the database and other transactions. Bibliography Chorafas, Dimitris. Transaction management: managing complex transactions and sharing distributed databases. New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan, 1998. Gray, Jim and Andreas Reuter. Transaction processing: concepts and techniques. New York, NY: Morgan Kaufmann, 1993. Ozsu, Tamer, and Patrick Valduriez. Principles of Distributed Database Systems. New York, NY: Springer, 2011. Saake, Gunter and Kerstin Schwarz. Transactions and database dynamics. New York, NY: Springer, 2000. [1] Dimitris Chorafas, Transaction management: managing complex transactions and sharing distributed databases (New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan, 1998), 98.

Sunday, October 20, 2019

Difference Between the UK, Great Britain, and England

Difference Between the UK, Great Britain, and England While many people use the terms ​United Kingdom, Great Britain, and England interchangeably, there is a difference between them- one is a country, the second is an island, and the third is a part of an island. The United Kingdom The  United Kingdom  is an independent country off the northwestern coast of Europe. It consists of the entire island of Great Britain and a northern part of the island of Ireland. In fact, the official name of the country is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. The capital city of the United Kingdom is London and the head of state is currently Queen Elizabeth II. The United Kingdom is one of the founding members of the United Nations and sits on the United Nations Security Council. The creation of the United Kingdom heralds back to 1801 when the unification between the Kingdom of Great Britain and the Kingdom of Ireland led to the establishment of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. When southern Ireland gained independence in the 1920s, the name of the modern country then became the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.   Great Britain Great Britain is the name of the island northwest of France and east of Ireland. Much of the United Kingdom consists of the island of Great Britain. On the large island of Great Britain, there are three somewhat autonomous regions: England, Wales, and Scotland. Great Britain is the ninth largest island on Earth and has an area of  80,823 square miles (209,331 square kilometers). England occupies the southeast portion of the island of Great Britain, Wales is in the southwest, and Scotland is in the north. Scotland and Wales are not independent countries but do have some discretion from the United Kingdom with respect to internal governance. England England is located in the southern part of the island of Great Britain, which is part of the country of the United Kingdom. The United Kingdom includes the administrative regions of England, Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland. Each region varies in its level of autonomy but all part of the United Kingdom. While England has traditionally been thought of as the heart of the United Kingdom, some use the term England to refer to the entire country, however, this is not correct. While its common to hear or see the term London, England, technically this is also incorrect, as it implies that London is the capital of England alone, rather than the capital of the entire United Kingdom. Ireland A final note on Ireland. The northern one-sixth of the island of Ireland is the administrative region of the United Kingdom known as Northern Ireland. The remaining southern five-sixths of the island of Ireland is the independent country known as the  Republic of Ireland (Eire). Using the Right Term It is inappropriate to refer to the United Kingdom as Great Britain or England; one should be specific about toponyms (place names) and utilize the correct nomenclature.  Remember, United Kingdom (or the U.K.) is the country, Great Britain is the island, and England is one of the U.K.s four administrative regions. Since unification, the Union Jack flag has combined elements of England, Scotland, and Ireland (although Wales is omitted) to represent the unification of constituent parts of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.

Saturday, October 19, 2019

South Koreas Economic Indicators and Recent Growth Rate Assignment

South Koreas Economic Indicators and Recent Growth Rate - Assignment Example The growth theory places emphasis on increasing government expenditure, net exports (exports-imports) and investments which are obtained from savings. South Korea’s GDP growth levels can be traced to its increase in export levels, investment levels, and government expenditure. Therefore, the growth theory matches quite well with the economic development and growth in South Korea and its contributing factors-investment, exports and government expenditure. Rapid growth levels coincide with extensive government interventions on the economy. Economic and political policies were geared towards a free capitalistic economy with little government interference except in adjusting externalities resulting from the market failure. The political structure was also adjusted in order to support a capitalistic economy. Investment in human capital refers to investing in nutrition and health, schools and higher education, investment in children, migration, fertility rates, infant mortality rates and maternal healthcare. For example, by analyzing the infant mortality rates or literacy levels of the population, there is a clear positive correlation between an increase in the levels of literacy and infant mortality and an increase in GDP. Investing in children is particularly crucial for long-term economic growth and development of any country. Investment in human capital plays an integral role in any country’s economic growth and development. From the data, it is easy to identify the correlation between GDP and initial human and physical capital. Therefore, countries with greater human capital have greater economic growth Ceteris Paribas. The high human and physical capital levels determine the productivity levels of South Korea.

Friday, October 18, 2019

Article Evaluation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Evaluation - Article Example Hudson is affiliated with the School of Applied Social Sciences from De Montfort University, Leicester while Singh is also associated with Applied Research Centre Health & Lifestyle Interventions of Coventry University, Coventry. The study addressed several problems facing patients with less severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). They specifically investigated the patients’ experience and understanding of COPD symptoms, current self-care activities, and the importance of family perceptions in managing COPD. The main subject of the study consists of patients with COPD, how they manage the condition, the challenges they encounter and the importance of having the support of family members (Apps et al., 2014). The aim of this study is to understand the experiences of individuals with less severe COPD and the challenges they face while undergoing self-care. The study population comprised of participants who had a positive diagnosis of COPD and had not been rehabilitated for pulmonary complications in the past year. They were also required not to have any neurological, cognitive or locomotor problems. The study design was cross-sectional, and the authors analyzed the data using thematic analysis, which permits identification of patterns of the data and better descriptions (Apps et al., 2014). The results of the study identified difficulty in breathing as the major symptom that the patients underwent. Also, the patients in their early stages of the condition had problems getting support from their family members since the symptoms are not visible from outside. Most patients did not know when to start engaging in the self-care procedures, and what to expect as the conditions increased in intensity (Apps et al., 2014). The results are clear since they give in detail what the patients’ experiences were, and the challenges they face while undergoing self-care. The results have also addressed the

Duke Elington Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Duke Elington - Essay Example In my opinion success for him was being original and establishing his or her own self by their hidden qualities and discovering yourself. He was beyond all boundaries and crossed all perimeters of extraordinary work and therefore was beyond all the prevailing categories. Therefore he is an inspiration for many of us out there exceeding all the categories. 2.The two isolated principles or method that The Duke Ellington applied it life and music. These can help others to succeed in the following manner. According to him he applied innovation to his music. He was a revolutionist who brought new concept in the field of music which is the best example of innovation is his Jazz music. He brought changes which reshaped and revolutionized the present standards. That was set by his ancestors. Another thing that was remarkable and seen in his era was thathis efforts showcased unity. He was the first one to bring a change so he gathered so many people under one platform and formed a band. Ellin gton gathered them and amalgamated them into a single band which was formed to propagate this form of music. This is a great example of success through unity. He knew that he was not anything until and unless people supported him with the cause so he accumulated many men with the same mindset and propagated music formulating a band which is his greatest achievement. Another thing that led to success was that he did not care about gaining fame and popularity. He only worked to spread music therefore he gathered everyone and worked together in benefit of the cause which was to spread jazz music everywhere. 3. Looking at Ellington from the view point and perspective of my major and music, many of his achievement are as followsof Duke Ellington is the most prominent composer in the history of jazz music. He was the leader of a band who was managing a huge group simultaneously for about a time period of almost 50 years. The two features of his career that are very prominent are related t o the usage of Ellington's band as a laboratory to experiment music where he created new compositions and sculptured his writing in such a manner that would exhibit the qualities, talent and strength of his band members. Many of his band members were his partners from a very long time. Ellington was also in writing scores for films and also prepared musical programs for the stage. He devised various musical instruments which were incorporated in his songs that became standardized. While he was travelling a lot years he was in and years he was out, he continued to record extensively. Which eventually led to formation of a gigantic body of work he did which is still being accessed and admired by many of his followers even after a quarter of a century after he has departed from us. He still lives to serve as an inspiration for many. He is a revolutionist who was very devoted to his work and devoted his entire life for music. 4.The characteristics of Ellingtonia music is as follows: Ell ington's style encompassed five different and distinct tunes and compositions that were dance numbers, the style of jungle or the numbers of production for the cotton club, the mood pieces or the blue pieces, pop pieces which were initially work of others but later he produced his own and finally those musical compositions which

Swift's A Modest Proposal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Swift's A Modest Proposal - Essay Example The succeeding discourse thereby presented arguments that justified the veracity of the author’s contentions; including presenting advantages, the cost of a child (if sold in the market), the supply and demand factors, as well as any potential contrasting assertion or bias of the author to the proposal. Through well-structured logical arguments, including presentation of computations for the expected weight of a healthy child, the cost that a child could be sold, the relief that the selling could do to the poor parents, the benefits that the sale could allegedly provide to a greater number of people for the greater good, assisted in enhancing and accepting the validity of the surprise ending. Likewise, the author emphasized that the proposal would not, in any way, generate bias through potential self-interests; but in fact, was open to other alternative options. Overall, the surprise ending was indeed unexpected and one surmised that the proposal was not at all imaginable; nor morally, ethically and legally conceivable in the first

Thursday, October 17, 2019

Antimatter Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Antimatter - Essay Example For the electron, for instance, there should be an "antielectron" identical in every way but with a positive electric charge. In his Nobel Lecture, Dirac speculated on the existence of a completely new Universe made out of antimatter! (The History of antimatter, 2001) In 1932 Carl Anderson, a young professor at the California Institute of Technology, while studying showers of cosmic particles in a cloud chamber discovered antielectron, He called the antielectron a "positron", for its positive charge. After almost 25 years in the year 1955, antiprotons were discovered followed by antineutrons in 1959. In 1965, a unique machine at CERN (Conseil Europen pour la Recherche Nuclaire), a European organization for nuclear research called Low Energy Antiproton Ring (LEAR) was used to successfully produce antihydrogen atom, which is a real a real antimatter atom. The idea behind this is to trap these antihydrogen atoms by first slowing them down and then carry out accurate comparisons of properties of hydrogen and antihydrogen particles. "Matter and antimatter are perfect opposites. So perfect, in fact, that when the meet they annihilate leaving behind a flash of pure energy. Nothing else remains; antimatter annihilation is the ultimate clean source of energy. It is the perfect conversion of mass (m) into energy (E) according to Einstein's famous prescription E= mc2, where c is the speed of light. The problem is, however, that antimatter cannot simply be harvested or mined. It has to be made, and making it requires vastly more energy than annihilating it produces. All the antimatter produced at CERN in a year would provide barely enough energy to power a light bulb for a few seconds." (Gordon Fraser) Antimatter Applications Antimatter may be the stuff of science fiction but at laboratories like CERN it is a commonplace tool for research. In hospitals and industry too, antimatter is in everyday use for diagnosis. Positron Emission Tomography, PET, for example relies on antimatter. It works by attaching radioactive atoms that emit positrons - anti-electrons - to biological tracer molecules that find their way to specific areas of the body. When the radioactive atoms decay the positrons they emit immediately annihilate with electrons and the resulting flash of energy appears in the form of two gamma-rays of equal energy. These escape from the body back-to-back and are detected, allowing doctors to follow what happens to the biological tracer molecules and thus learn valuable information about the workings of the body. (Antimatter Decelerator, 2008). Negative and Positive sides of Antimatter The 1980s US Strategic Defense Initiative program (better known as 'Star Wars') included several projects which looked at the possibility of using antimatter as rocket fuel or to drive space-borne weapons platforms. (Gordon Fraser) Antimatter, converting all its mass into energy, is the ultimate fuel. However first the antimatter would have to be manufactured - there is no 'mine' of antimatter. (Gordon Fraser) Antimatter is difficult to produce - all the antiprotons produced at CERN during one year would supply enough energy to light a 100 watt electric bulb for three seconds! (Gordon

Strategic Human Resource Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 3

Strategic Human Resource Management - Essay Example The discussion provides recommendations on how organizations should align their strategies to achieve excellence. Competitive advantage and Life cycle models explore the link between the set business strategy and the policies and practices within the human resource department. Comparing and contrasting lifecycle model and competitive advantage is essential in terms of their similarities and differences with respect to HRM. Competitive advantage model includes differentiation as a way of achieve unique feature that can be of valued to the buyers. The resources that give a firm a competitive advantage should have value. Life cycle model encompasses all the relevant stages demonstrate the growth or maturity stage of a firm. For the HRM to have a gain competitive advantage, the policies and practices must be in keeping with the development stage in the life cycle model (Rees and Smith, 2014). The viability of human resource depends on how well the differentiated products are in tandem with the industry demands (Johnson, Scholes, and Whittington, 2002). Therefore, competitive advantage and life-cycle models help to shape the HRM policies and practices in response to industry demands in different life cycle stages. Competitive advantage and life cycle models cannot be applied in isolation. A mature organization requires cost leadership and differentiation to survive in the industry. The viability of a firm to sustain competitive advantage stems from attaining maturity. Boxall and Purcell (2011) argue that a firm may set out to be the best in the industry by focusing on cost and product differentiation but it must have reached the maturity stage to position itself well in the market. The organization must be mindful of the lifecycle stages to initiate a change in the tactics used to approach the market. The HRM practices are geared towards reducing competition and offering products that are cost effective for all customers (Marchington and Wilkinson,

Wednesday, October 16, 2019

Antimatter Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Antimatter - Essay Example For the electron, for instance, there should be an "antielectron" identical in every way but with a positive electric charge. In his Nobel Lecture, Dirac speculated on the existence of a completely new Universe made out of antimatter! (The History of antimatter, 2001) In 1932 Carl Anderson, a young professor at the California Institute of Technology, while studying showers of cosmic particles in a cloud chamber discovered antielectron, He called the antielectron a "positron", for its positive charge. After almost 25 years in the year 1955, antiprotons were discovered followed by antineutrons in 1959. In 1965, a unique machine at CERN (Conseil Europen pour la Recherche Nuclaire), a European organization for nuclear research called Low Energy Antiproton Ring (LEAR) was used to successfully produce antihydrogen atom, which is a real a real antimatter atom. The idea behind this is to trap these antihydrogen atoms by first slowing them down and then carry out accurate comparisons of properties of hydrogen and antihydrogen particles. "Matter and antimatter are perfect opposites. So perfect, in fact, that when the meet they annihilate leaving behind a flash of pure energy. Nothing else remains; antimatter annihilation is the ultimate clean source of energy. It is the perfect conversion of mass (m) into energy (E) according to Einstein's famous prescription E= mc2, where c is the speed of light. The problem is, however, that antimatter cannot simply be harvested or mined. It has to be made, and making it requires vastly more energy than annihilating it produces. All the antimatter produced at CERN in a year would provide barely enough energy to power a light bulb for a few seconds." (Gordon Fraser) Antimatter Applications Antimatter may be the stuff of science fiction but at laboratories like CERN it is a commonplace tool for research. In hospitals and industry too, antimatter is in everyday use for diagnosis. Positron Emission Tomography, PET, for example relies on antimatter. It works by attaching radioactive atoms that emit positrons - anti-electrons - to biological tracer molecules that find their way to specific areas of the body. When the radioactive atoms decay the positrons they emit immediately annihilate with electrons and the resulting flash of energy appears in the form of two gamma-rays of equal energy. These escape from the body back-to-back and are detected, allowing doctors to follow what happens to the biological tracer molecules and thus learn valuable information about the workings of the body. (Antimatter Decelerator, 2008). Negative and Positive sides of Antimatter The 1980s US Strategic Defense Initiative program (better known as 'Star Wars') included several projects which looked at the possibility of using antimatter as rocket fuel or to drive space-borne weapons platforms. (Gordon Fraser) Antimatter, converting all its mass into energy, is the ultimate fuel. However first the antimatter would have to be manufactured - there is no 'mine' of antimatter. (Gordon Fraser) Antimatter is difficult to produce - all the antiprotons produced at CERN during one year would supply enough energy to light a 100 watt electric bulb for three seconds! (Gordon

Tuesday, October 15, 2019

Financial Reporting Appraisal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

Financial Reporting Appraisal - Essay Example Many authors have dealt with the issue of clarity and understand ability of the annual reports (Lee and Tweedie, 1975; Smith, 1992; Keane, 1977). In fact many authors emphasised the fact that shareholders tend to read the narrative part of the annual report which normally includes good news, rather than reading statutory part and usually investors make their investment decisions depending on those good news (Tauringana and Chong, 2004; Smith and Taffler, 1992). However In order to make an informed investment decision, an investor who is contemplating investment needs to understand both the potential rewards and the associated risks (IOSCO, 1995). The main aim of this report is to summarise what has been proposed so far about improvement in effectiveness of annual reports in shape of 11 models discussed in ICAEW report. A judgement criterion has also been prepared according to which the annual reports of three company Johnson Matthey plc, Smith and Nephew plc and Smiths Group plc will be analysed. An award will be granted to the Company, which has adopted most of these models in order to improve business reporting and serving the needs of the users. Problems addressed: With the changing business methods and environment the values playing important part in business has also changed. The label of assets has transformed from tangible to intangible assets. In this scenario it is become difficult for the users to analyse the future performance of the company. The companies mostly practise the old traditional accounting techniques according to which intangible assets such as knowledge brand etc are not included in the financial statements as assets. Although in today's business scenario it is important for the users to have complete knowledge of these intangible assets in order to undertake their decisions accordingly. Solution provided: The authors of the model proposed that in order to help the investors and users to evaluate the value of the company the information provided needs to be more transparent regarding the intangible assets as compare to the past. The model suggest that all the tangible and intangible assets need to be continuously, means used to their fair values and should be reported in order to provide the clear and transparent information. The model gives three dimensions to the information 1) Assets and their configuration represented by company. 2) Information on assets relating to external environment management process and value. 3) Time. The model suggests the businesses to reveal information about their mission, strategy, and business process and risk management. The model can best serve the purpose of today's users since it provides information in many segments, which can help the user to find out the information, related to him. The model is the best way to respond to the needs of openers and transparency, which will be the most attractive value generating forces in the future. Criterion no. 2: Hermes Principle: (ICAEW, p. 65) Problems

Monday, October 14, 2019

Pervious concrete and traditional concrete

Pervious concrete and traditional concrete CHAPTER 1 Introduction Background to Research Problem Once it has been established that a car park or driveway is required, it is then very important to ensure the client assesses which material of surfacing is required. The client needs to prioritise what is most important to them regarding time, cost, and availability and how sustainable the material may be. Majority of contractors within the UK construction industry will use traditional concrete with regular drainage systems unaware that pervious concrete is available (Offenburg 2008). Therefore, it is important to examine and perform a comparison between traditional and pervious concrete regarding cost, availability, durability, maintenance and sustainability. Pervious concrete is fairly easy to define; it is concrete that allows water to flow through it. Where traditional concrete is a very solid material, pervious concrete leaves void spaces throughout, allowing water to flow through it. Pervious concrete has a low water to cement ratio and contains none, or very little sand. It typically has a void content of 15% to 25% creating a structure resembling a Rice Krispies ® treat, allowing as much as eight gallons of water per square foot to pass through per minute (McMillan 2007). This type of concrete is traditionally used in driveways, car parks, greenhouses, pedestrian walkways and roads with light traffic. However, it can also be utilised for a variety of different paving projects. Pervious concrete has been around for approximately 20 years but has only recently started to expand further into the market due to the material meeting Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) storm water regulations. The increase in demand for pervious concrete used on projects has increased extensively in the US within the last three to four years, which during the last year has caught on here in the UK construction industry. The reason as to why the material has caught the eye of the UK construction industry may be due to the tremendous potential the material has had on scaling back the negative impact that traditional concrete has had on the environment, by eliminating storm water runoff, removing pollutants and even recycling the storm water captured. However, many developers fail to see beyond costs of impervious implementations and therefore adoption has been slow. Traditional concrete has been around for decades and has been the most popular type of concrete used in the UK, however a reform was needed as traditional concrete has many negative impacts such its negative effect on the climate and its ineffective drainage issues. Pervious concrete can be used in most situations as an alternative to traditional concrete. (Buller 2006). However the there are many issues which The core purpose of this research report aims to identify how pervious concrete compares to traditional concrete in relation to costs, availability, durability, maintenance and sustainability in the UK. Strategic Aim To conduct a survey to investigate how the pervious concrete has impacted the UK construction industry and how it compares to the already established traditional concrete in terms of cost, availability, durability, maintenance and sustainability. Tactical Objectives 1. To determine if pervious concrete is just as strong and durable as traditional concrete. 2. To analyse the costs involved in producing and constructing both materials. 3. To examine the available certified skilled contractors who are available to lay the products. 4. To critically analyse future outcomes of the pervious product and see if it measures up to traditional concrete in the long run in aspects of durability, maintenance and overall long term savings 5. To evaluate the sustainable properties between pervious and traditional concrete. Research Hypothesis The use of pervious concrete over the world has been on the increase over the past few years. While pervious concrete has become more and more popular, there are still many questions to be answered regarding the application of it before it becomes a widely accepted material. This dissertation will now go on with a critical review of the literature to investigate the real differences between pervious and traditional concrete. The methodology which has been used and the reasoning behind this will follow in a chapter. The final chapter of the dissertation will draw a conclusion from in depth information and results gathered subsequently recommendations will be made. CHAPTER 2 Literature Review Critical Review This section of the dissertation will look at the literature relating to pervious concrete and traditional concrete. It will review both materials in terms of terms of cost, availability, durability, maintenance and sustainability in the UK. Finally, this section seeks to understand if pervious concrete is just as good as traditional concrete and understand the subsequent attainments and problems with both materials. There has been a lot written on traditional concrete worldwide as its such a popular material however pervious concrete has little information available in the UK and most information is based from the USA where pervious concrete has been tried and tested and put into use. Concrete plays an essential part in civil engineering with most structures using it in one way or the other. Its evolution dates back to the Roman Empire as it was widely used in most Roman structures, thereby moving from stone and brick construction. However, since then the face of construction has radically changed with buildings built over tens of floors regularly and tunnels built underwater using pre-cast concrete. Hence, the array of construction materials available, including concrete, have evolved significantly since and improved. Concrete plays a very important role in the UK economy. It contributes to almost 10% of the overall economic growth and employs a significant amount of labour. According to Sustainable Concrete (2010), the UK exported 535,000 tonnes of ready-mixed concrete, which was worth  £9million to the economy. Traditional concrete is the most basic form of concrete and is very easily available for consumers. According to Popovics, S. (1992, pp. 1), concrete is composed of three to four basic ingredients. These include: * Hydraulic cement, otherwise known as Portland cement * Mineral aggregates * Water * Admixtures Hydraulic cement is one of the key constituents to forming concrete and greatly impacts the strength of the resulting mixture. Schwartz (1993, pp. 91) states ratio of Portland cement in concrete directly affects the strength and cost of the concrete. The more cement in a mix, the stronger and more expensive it is. Mineral aggregates typically consist of gravelled stones or stone-like solids. The purpose of aggregates is to significantly reduce the required content of cement, the costliest component within concrete. Additionally, it helps a constructor minimise the creep, or deformation caused over a long time, caused by the resulting mixture. Popovics, S. (1992, pp. 275) state that aggregates occupies roughly three-fourths of the total concrete volume. By adding water to this mix, the loose mixture of cement and mineral aggregates gel into a thicker and more solid mix. Schwartz (1993, pp. 91) states water/cement ratios may go from high-strength concrete, to 8.5 to 1 for a low-strength mix. By adding too little of the water, one can risk making the concrete too weak. Thus, based on the concretes usage and cost constraints the mixture of the underlying constituents can be varied. It is possible to engineer the mixtures property based on its intended use by adding admixtures. Perkins (1997, pp. 22) defines admixtures as a chemical compound that is added in small proportion to the concrete mixture to produce a desired characteristic. The types of admixtures used are accelerators, set retarders and water reducers. For example, the purpose of accelerators is to increase the initial reaction between the cement and the water, whereas the set retarders do the exact reverse. According to Perkins (1997, pp. 22), UK is well behind Continental Europe, USA and other developed markets in terms of extent of usage of admixtures within concrete. For decades, concrete has been one of the preferred construction materials owing to its excellent technical properties. One of its main traits is its high compressive strength due to which it is used in applications such as columns. However, its tensile strength is roughly one-tenths of its compressive strength. Thus, in order to improve its tensile strength it is reinforced with steel, which creates a strong bond with concrete. When loaded over a long period, traditional concrete can prove to be susceptible failure and in some case even eventual failure. From a UK context, concretes performance against cold and wet weather would be crucial. Pigeon et al (1995, pp 33) state that concrete can freeze in its saturated state and cause tensile stress within the material due to the formation of ice crystals in the pores of the concrete. However, if the concrete is not cured or reinforced effectively then it could cause its performance to weaken and, under worst cases, eventual failure. Typically, the strength of concrete is measured by its compressive strength, which is its strongest feature. According to Abeles et al (2003, pp. 21), strength of concrete increases with age, with the rate of increase dependent on the quality of cement and aggregates used. The content and cost of the concrete can be varied depending on its application. Commercially, the strength of concrete is quoted based on its weight and the compressive strength it would attain after 28 days. For example, C20 concrete would stand for a normal weight concrete and a compressive strength of 20 N/mm2. NRMCA (2003) quote that concretes compressive strength can be varied from 2500 psi, or 17 Mpa, for residential concrete to 4000 psi, or 28 Mpa, upwards for commercial structures. The variation in strength is primarily due to water-cement ratio, admixtures and curing process among others. Availability of concrete for commercial purposes typically depends on the constituents and the location of the building works. For example, admixtures work best when introduced immediately after the wetting of the cement and might require the mixing to be done on-site rather than in a factory. Additionally, the location of quarries and sourcing of materials (Contract Journal, 2008) is crucial in understanding availability and the distribution pipeline. Most UK concrete companies are fully capable of sourcing all components of concrete themselves. For example, Brett Group, one of UKs leading construction groups, provides customers with a wide range of options from type of aggregates to the type of job. However, it is even more dependent on its usage. For use in residential repairs, it is usually procured from local stores by components and mixed on-site, whereas if it is for a larger project then it would be pre-cast and delivered by the manufacturers. For example, the construction of Eurotunnel was made possible by use of pre-cast concrete supports embedded on a concrete track. Maintenance of traditional concrete is crucial to provide long-term serviceability for users. Failure to implement an adequate control process can result in expensive repairs. In some cases, cracks can start to appear on the concrete as load starts to increase over time. This would necessitate usage of sealants, which act to bridge the cracks with an adhesive material. In the UK, some of the common failures of concrete (St. Astier, 2009) are due to: * Poor maintenance incorrect diagnosis * Inefficient waterproofing capabilities causing excessive penetration of moisture * Excessive carbonation or chloride levels Traditional concrete is a resource and energy dependent material, as it requires material from large quarries and factories to prepare the concrete. The UK construction industry currently uses 400 million tonnes of resources per year, of which 10% are unused product going straight to a landfill (Sustainable Concrete, 2010). Additionally, each year structures that are beyond repair are demolished and taken to the landfills. All this combined, yield a large wastage of resources. However, instead of letting this waste go unused it is possible to re-cycle them by crushing them and using them as aggregates within the concrete mixture. According to the Concrete Centre (2010), it is their vision to ensure that by 2012, the UK concrete industry will be recognized as the leader in sustainable construction, by taking a dynamic role in delivering a sustainable built environment in a manner that is profitable, socially responsible and functions within environmental limits. Traditional concrete, despite its many advantages, does not perform well in precipitous environment. Pervious concrete allows for air and water to flow freely through the mixture. This limits the runoff from its surface and enhances drainage features. SE Cement (2008) defines pervious concrete as a mixture of Portland cement, water, coarse aggregate and almost no sand. The key feature of this mixture is that it has 15-25% void within its volume. The air pockets within the concrete allow for water to seep through the structure and perform as normal. It is also necessary to ensure that the coarse aggregates are not too loose and get carried away with water. Thus, the mixing and placing process has to be carefully carried out such that the water and Portland cement are coagulated well to form a thick paste around the aggregates. This is crucial to maintain a well-connected system of voids to ensure effective drainage of water. Pervious concrete is particularly useful in parking lots, riverbanks and areas that are highly precipitous as it limits the interference of water and easy drainage of water. According to Limbachiya (2009, pp.554), the use of pervious concrete dates back to 1852. Its use became further widespread following the Second World War and increased construction activity. According to Brandt (2009, pp. 63), the porous nature of pervious concrete makes it less strong than traditional concrete. Even then, compressive strength of 50 MPa can be reached with small size aggregates and usage of the right admixtures. The reduced compressive strength has led to its restrictive use such as roadways with low to medium traffic. However, SE Cement (2010) estimates that for most applications compressive strengths of 3.5 to 27.5 MPa will suffice. Despite its strong performance in precipitous climate, there are questions that remain to be answered regarding its durability in colder climates. Traditional concrete is subject to cracking through the normal thaw and freeze cycle that occurs in colder areas of the country. Such conditions have been simulated to test the performance of pervious concrete and it was found by Delatte (2008, pp. 118) that the durability of pervious concrete was poor when the void system was filled with water. They have also indicated that the durability was improved when the moisture in the voids was drained and the cement paste air-entrained. The mixing process and labour costs for pervious concrete are far more involved than that of traditional concrete. Thus, Limbachiya (2009, pp. 556) expects the initial costs of pervious concrete to be higher than those for traditional concrete because of the thicker installed size of pervious concrete. However, it is worth noting that the additional investment made is for a particular purpose, i.e. the porous structure of the concrete. Thus, the extra cost should be weighed against this advantage gained over its lifetime. Since pervious concrete would need to be customised for the region and application by customers, most manufacturing companies use a large distribution system to minimize delays in batching for customers. Limbachiya (2009, pp. 556) states that maintenance of pervious concrete pavements is a highly debatable subject. They proceed to state that structures not maintained well continue to perform well, although not at the initial infiltration rates which is its key objective. However, one key concern within pervious concrete is to prevent any clogging of void structures within it, as this would fail one of its objectives, i.e. to be porous. Typically, proper maintenance of pervious concrete pavements includes vacuum sweeping or power washing. Pressure washing of a clogged pervious concrete pavement has restored it to 80-90% of its original permeability (Pervious Concrete, 2009). Structures such as shopping malls and buildings have roadways and parking lots around for vehicle use. If these pavements are built using traditional concrete, then they risk flooding under heavy rain. Thus, zoning regulations necessitate controls such as retention ponds, which essentially collect the excess water on the pavements from the rain. This requires extra capital investment and resources for setting up. However, if instead of traditional concrete, pervious concrete is used to create the pavements, then the excess water on the surface percolates through the voids in the concrete into the soil underneath. This eliminates ponding on the pavement and preserves more land, capital and resources for alternate use. However, the basic configuration of pervious concrete allows all liquids to go through the voids. A more environment friendly version of pervious concrete was developed in the UK, in 1999, where in surface water is allowed to pass through to a specially engineered sub-base while oils and other water pollutants are retained (Concrete Products, 1999). This ensures that the water table under the pavement does not get contaminated. Within the UK, a unique standard for drainage technology called Concrete Block Permeable Paving (CBPP) has been set-up. According to Paving (2010), this code has been championed by all the major pre-cast concrete paving manufacturers in the UK. Such developments will be positive for the progress of the sustainability within UKs pavement community and minimise damage to the environment from constructions. Critical Appraisal This literature review has analysed the features of two popular variants of concrete traditional and pervious. In particular, it has discussed the basic composition, durability, availability costs, and finally sustainability. It has been identified that both types of concrete have their advantages and drawbacks. Sustainability remains a very important subject within the construction industry in the UK, with the government imposing landfill and aggregate taxes to discourage resource-intensive manufacturers. Additionally, manufacturers are paying increasing attention towards climate change in order to provide protection to the pavements over the life cycle rather than repairing or replacing the structure frequently. Concrete repairs have been a major issue for the UK economy. This has been further accentuated by the rapid expansion of the UK construction industry, which contributes to roughly 10% of the GDP. According to Mays (1992, pp XI), approximately  £500 million is being spent annual on concrete repairs in the UK. This clearly stresses the fact that it is essential to understand the context of concretes application, as it is better to install the right type of concrete rather than to repair and re-install at a later stage. Product Design and Methodology Scope of the Chapter In order to investigate pervious and traditional concrete a suitable and relevant methodology had to be adopted to collect information required. For this procedure the most appropriate procedures seen were a combination of quantitative and qualitative approaches. This allowed quantitative information to be collected on the respondents individual experiences with both pervious and traditional concrete together with their qualitative views on its effectiveness. The data collected was from a primary source. Rationale of the Research Questionnaire To investigate pervious and traditional concrete a number of different groups within the UK Construction industry could have been sampled such as contractors, clients and designers. A poor targeting of questionnaires would have revealed a lower response rate. A person with a limited knowledge of pervious and traditional concrete could have completed the questionnaire but this would have given misleading set of results. The best solution to overcome this would be to go straight to the correct References Popovics, S. (1992), Concrete materials: properties, specifications, and testing, 2nd Edition, Noyes Publication, New Jersey Schwartz, M. (1993), Basic Engineering for Builders, Craftsman Book Company, USA Perkins, P.H., (1997), Repair, protection and waterproofing of concrete structures, 3rd Edition, Chapman Hall, UK Pigeon, M., Pleau, R., (1995), Durability of concrete in cold climates, 1st Edition, Chapman Hall, UK St. Astier (2009), Concrete Repairs FAQs, http://www.st-astier.co.uk/concrete-repair-coatings/concrete-repair-faqs (Date viewed, 24 Jan 2010) Contract Journal (2008), The market for concrete products is ever-changing, 9 July 2008, http://www.contractjournal.com/Articles/2008/07/09/60162/the-market-for-concrete-products-is-ever-changing.html (Date viewed, 27 Jan 2010) Sustainable Concrete (2009), Sustainable Concrete, http://www.sustainableconcrete.org.uk/main.asp?page=4 (Date viewed, 26 Jan 2010) Abeles, P.W., Bardhan-Roy, B.K., (2003), Prestressed concrete designers handbook, 3rd Edition, Spon Press, London Brandt, A. M., (2009), Cement Based Composites: Materials, Mechanical Properties, and Performance, 2nd Edition, Taylor Francis, UK Mays, G., (2001), Durability of concrete structures: investigation, repair, protection,2nd Edition, Spon Press, London Southeast Cement (2010), What is pervious concrete?, Portland Cement Association, Concrete Products (1999), Porous concrete promotes greener water system, 1 December 1999, http://concreteproducts.com/mag/concrete_porous_concrete_promotes/ Pervious Pavements (2009), Inspection and Maintenance, 2009, http://www.perviouspavement.org/inspection%20and%20maintenance.htm (Date viewed, 26 Jan 2010) Limbachiya, M.C., (2009), Excellence in Concrete Construction Through Innovation, Taylor Francis Group, UK Delatte, N., (2008), Concrete Pavement, Design, Construction and Performance, 1st Edition, Taylor Francis Group, UK Paving (2009), Block Paving, http://www.paving.org.uk/block_paving.php (Date viewed, 27 Jan 2010) Offenburg, M. (2008, March). Producing Pervious Pavement. Concrete International. March, 2005, p 50, Retrieved 1 November, 2009 from proqest database, p 50. Schueler, T. R, (1994). The importance of imperviousness. Watershed Protection Techniques 1(3):100-111, pp 100-105 Ready mixed concrete (n.d), Retrieved 1 November 2007 from the National Ready Mixed Concrete Association Web Site: http://nrmca.org/aboutconcrete/types.asp Naoum, S G (2006), Dissertation research and writing for construction students, 2nd Edition. EPA Storm water technology fact sheet porous pavement (1999). Retrieved 5 December, 2009 from http://www.epa.gov/npdes/pubs/porouspa.pdf Natural approaches to storm water management permeable pavement. (n.d.) Puget Sound Action Team Publications. Retrieved October 2009 from the Puget Sound Action Team Online Website: http://www.psat.wa.gov/Publications/LID_studies/permeable_pavement.htm McMillian, T (2007), Comparing Traditional Concrete to Permeable Concrete for a Community College Pavement Application. 8.0 Further Reading Richard Kirkham. (2007), Ferry and Brandons Cost Planning of Buildings, Blackwell Publishing, London Chudley, R. (2002), Building Construction Handbook: Incorporating Current Building and Construction Regulations. Spons Press, London Construction News (2008), Pervious Pavements : 1st October, p32. Stenmark, C. 1995. An Alternative Road Construction for Stormwater Management. Water Science and Technology, 32(1): 79-84.

Sunday, October 13, 2019

Blessing in Disguise :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Adolescence is a period in life where one makes mistakes and learns from them. However, most mistakes have consequences and repercussions. At the age of 17, my parents decided to move the entire family back to our homeland, Dominican Republic, after discovering that my sister and I had been â€Å"borrowing† their car while they slept and driving it without driver licenses. After the initial shock and resentment wore off, I realized that moving to Dominican Republic was the best thing that ever happened for three major reasons: I grew closer to my one and only sister, my grades improved, and I became more independent.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  To begin, I grew closer to my one and only sister for a few reasons. For instance, we attended the same school in Dominican Republic as opposed to when we were in Miami. Secondly, since we were both experiencing the same emotions, we were able to comfort each other. Third, having a mutual goal of moving back to Miami on our own made us more than sisters, it made us partners in crime. To this day, our relationship keeps going strong and we are closer than ever.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In addition, my grades improved. Before we left Miami, I had just barely passed 11th grade, and was looking at a rough senior year. Since the private high school my parents enrolled me in had a different format than my old school, my chances of graduating on time increased. Also, there was less distraction, and I was actually turning my work in by its due date. Last, I became much more interested in college and my future. This was a huge change from the girl whose last thought was a college education.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Finally, I became more independent. I realized that in order to make it on my own, I needed to grow up. With the help of my parents, I learned to cook and clean. One can only eat junk food for so long before you start missing a real, homemade meal. Next, I got a job and started budgeting for my upcoming move. I also made living arrangements for both my sister and I in Miami, as well as, research what type of employment was available for high school graduates.

Saturday, October 12, 2019

Genetic Engineering New Teeth :: Genetic Engineering Essays

The article I read was about some scientists that were able to grow teeth inside rats’ bodies. This project was led by Pamela C. Yelick, a scientist for Forsyth Institute, and the project was conducted in Massachusetts. Joseph P. Vacanti, a tissue engineer at Massachusetts General Hospital, and Yelick had the idea for the experiment.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Vacanti had previously worked with rats and he found that cells will naturally organize themselves into tissues and other complex structures if they are placed in the right environment. Vacanti and Yelick hypothesized that the same approach could be applied to growing teeth. Previous research had identified the stem cells that make dentin, but no one had been able to use the stem cells that make tooth enamel prior to this experiment. The teeth were formed – inside the bellies of rats – using stem cells from pigs. Yelick obtained the cells from discarded pig jaws at a meat packing plant. The scientists removed a molar that had not yet erupted from the pig jaw to use for the project. They ground the molar into small pieces and treated it with enzymes to break it down into small patches of cells. The cells were then placed into a scaffold and implanted into the rats. The scientists placed the scaffolds in the blood-rich tissue near the rats’ intestines. This area provided the nutrients that the cells needed to grow. The rats used in the experiment had weakened immune systems that would not reject the foreign tissue. At that point, the researchers could only wait for the teeth to grow. As an added precaution, the rats were placed in a special clean room behind locked doors. The researchers would periodically x-ray the rats to see if anything had grown, but it was not until after several months that they actually found encouraging splotches inside the rats. This article showed that we can use stem cells to create tooth enamel that we can use for new teeth and other dental needs in the future. Before this project, the idea of creating teeth using stem cells was only a thought. In class we talked about the creation of human organs inside of animals, cloning animals, and cloning humans, but we had not mentioned â€Å"cloning† teeth. Cloning humans brought up many ethical issues, but I do not think â€Å"cloning† teeth would pose any problems. The information in this article seems biased. The Boston Globe is definitely not a scientific journal.

Friday, October 11, 2019

Behaviors human

Behavior refers to an individual’s actions or reaction to a stimulus, which may be tangible (object, organism, etc. ) or intangible (thought, sound, smell, etc. ). There are various kinds of behaviors exhibited by human beings. Some are good and acceptable, while others are negative behaviors which could be a result of annoyance, irritability, exasperation and bothersome to a lot of people. The differences in behavior could be attributed to the influence of several factors such as culture, attitudes, values, ethics, and even genetics (Behavior, 2008).Nevertheless, people judge individual’s behavior based on their understanding, culture, norms, and other people’s influence on them. Each and every person has his or her own distinctive behaviors that can irritate, bother, and annoy other people. These types of behaviors can be seen and observed everywhere, such as in school, workplace, shopping malls, and other public places, and even at home. Thus, these unacceptab le, annoying, exasperating, and irritating behaviors can be encountered everywhere and are always inevitable to happen.For instance, in school, students exhibit behaviors that could bother and annoy someone, such as students who cheat during exams, copy homework of another classmate, and talk loudly and endlessly during class. Even teachers also display annoying or bothering behaviors. For example, teachers who give a lot of homework or are too strict could be annoying to some students and could extremely bother them. In the workplace, there are also a lot of unavoidable behaviors that one can display and can bother somebody, such as one’s co-workers or superiors.Behaviors such as constant tardiness, chatting, or talking too much during working hours, and gossiping, among others, could bring negative feelings to someone at work. At home, there could be countless behaviors of family members that can irritate another family member. There are parents, for instance, who are very strict and impose too many rules; there are also siblings who love to tease and bother their other siblings. The behaviors displayed by these people could be bothering or irritating for some family members.Finally, there are also annoying and irritating behaviors that can be observed in public places—behaviors that not only annoy, irritate, and bother someone but could also affect the environment and even the whole world negatively. For instance, throwing garbage or trash in improper places such as the street, cutting trees or illegal logging, dynamite fishing, and other reckless behaviors not only bother and annoy many people, but such behaviors also harm the environment. There are still a lot of negative and unacceptable behaviors that exist today and people exhibit all over the world.These behaviors may bring negative feelings to others, and they can sometimes destroy life. Among these bothering and irritating behaviors, some of them may be tolerable, while others can be i gnored. Behaviors that do not totally affect and hurt me as an individual can be ignored such as burping, eating without regard to proper table manners, and disobeying traffic rules. Furthermore, there are also behaviors that are tolerable, such imposing strict but necessary rules and teasing others. I find these behaviors tolerable because they do not hurt me physically, and I have the control whether I will let myself get affected by it or not.Moreover, some of these annoying behaviors can have good consequences, such as the imposing strict rules. On the other hand, there are just some behaviors that I cannot understand and tolerate at all that they make my blood boil every time I encounter them. First are the behaviors that harm the environment such as smoke belching, running factories that transmit chemicals, cigarette smoking, throwing garbage improperly, vandalizing public walls, and engaging in other illegal activities that can hurt the environment and living beings alike.I f ind these behaviors intolerable as it is not only me that may get affected by the effects of such behaviors, but there might be a lot of people in the world who may suffer and pay for such unbearable behaviors. In conclusion, there are a lot of behaviors that one can exhibit. Regardless of what they know, I think people judge behavior according to their beliefs and preferences. People demonstrate behaviors that may be acceptable or unacceptable for others, but what is deemed as acceptable and unacceptable varies from person to person. Reference Behavior. (2008). Answers. com. Retrieved January 30, 2009 from http://w

Thursday, October 10, 2019

Gun control

Burnett states, that Colorado State University allowed concealed carry on campus without any problems, and it resulted in a decrease of their crime rate from 800 to 200 over the 6 years to 2008 (Students Should Have the Right To). The concealed weapons must have been helping the crime rate stay down in their school. Although the concealed weapons seemed like a good idea Dickerson believes that they should not be allowed, because they would increase the crimes committed. Dickerson explains, that studies done at colleges by the F.B. I conclude that guns were used 54% of the time to inflict violence upon people in 272 deferent issues. On the other hand would you really want to Increase that chance by allowing students to have guns on campus. College students may need the eight to defend themselves, but who is to say that they are even mature enough to have their own gun on campus. A lot of college student do stupid things as a result of what others are doing. Do you really think adding guns to that would be a good idea.Dickerson believes that even though students may be mature enough to have a gun, their brains are still developing during this time. Many studies of brain development show that college students seek riskier behavior and also do not consider their consequences very well (Dickerson). Increasing the chance of risk and poor decisions y adding guns would not help out the students or the college out very well. Burnett believes that college students should be able to have a gun on campus for the reason that they should have the right to defend themselves.Burnett argues that student are holding protest to try and get some protection for themselves through concealed carry. The idea of having classes or activities that show students how to have their gun safe and secure Is also brought up In order to try and help with getting them protection (Burnett). On the other hand, the students do need to have more retention than just signs that wont stop anyone from br inging a gun and inflicting violence anyway. The argument that comes to the occasion is that the college campuses are not as safe as they are made out to be.Anyone could just sneak a gun in and do what they want with no one to stop them except the police that arrive later on. When colleges are putting up gun free zone signs all over certain student see the harm they want to do(Burnett). Burnett says one important thing through these words: â€Å"What is less well known is that there have been more than a dozen other college hooting since Virginia Tech. You probably didn't hear about most of them because there wasn't enough blood to earn a cover story, but each of these attacks had one thing in common.They all occurred under the same banner: â€Å"gun-free zone. â€Å"(Burnett). The final argument by Dickerson is that having guns on the campus would cause injuries, homicides and accidental shootings. Dickerson explains this by showing that in college student age groups student hav e been assaulted by another student over 696,000 different times. If student are already hurting one another while run why would allowing guns on campus make that better. It would Just cause student to do even more dumb things. Gun control Burnett states, that Colorado State University allowed concealed carry on campus without any problems, and it resulted in a decrease of their crime rate from 800 to 200 over the 6 years to 2008 (Students Should Have the Right To). The concealed weapons must have been helping the crime rate stay down in their school. Although the concealed weapons seemed like a good idea Dickerson believes that they should not be allowed, because they would increase the crimes committed. Dickerson explains, that studies done at colleges by the F.B. I conclude that guns were used 54% of the time to inflict violence upon people in 272 deferent issues. On the other hand would you really want to Increase that chance by allowing students to have guns on campus. College students may need the eight to defend themselves, but who is to say that they are even mature enough to have their own gun on campus. A lot of college student do stupid things as a result of what others are doing. Do you really think adding guns to that would be a good idea.Dickerson believes that even though students may be mature enough to have a gun, their brains are still developing during this time. Many studies of brain development show that college students seek riskier behavior and also do not consider their consequences very well (Dickerson). Increasing the chance of risk and poor decisions y adding guns would not help out the students or the college out very well. Burnett believes that college students should be able to have a gun on campus for the reason that they should have the right to defend themselves.Burnett argues that student are holding protest to try and get some protection for themselves through concealed carry. The idea of having classes or activities that show students how to have their gun safe and secure Is also brought up In order to try and help with getting them protection (Burnett). On the other hand, the students do need to have more retention than just signs that wont stop anyone from br inging a gun and inflicting violence anyway. The argument that comes to the occasion is that the college campuses are not as safe as they are made out to be.Anyone could just sneak a gun in and do what they want with no one to stop them except the police that arrive later on. When colleges are putting up gun free zone signs all over certain student see the harm they want to do(Burnett). Burnett says one important thing through these words: â€Å"What is less well known is that there have been more than a dozen other college hooting since Virginia Tech. You probably didn't hear about most of them because there wasn't enough blood to earn a cover story, but each of these attacks had one thing in common.They all occurred under the same banner: â€Å"gun-free zone. â€Å"(Burnett). The final argument by Dickerson is that having guns on the campus would cause injuries, homicides and accidental shootings. Dickerson explains this by showing that in college student age groups student hav e been assaulted by another student over 696,000 different times. If student are already hurting one another while run why would allowing guns on campus make that better. It would Just cause student to do even more dumb things. Gun Control Argumentative Essay against Gun Control Since 1980, forty-four states have passed laws allowing gun owners to carry concealed weapons outside their homes for personal protection. (Five additional states had these laws before 1980. Illinois is the sole holdout. ) A federal ban on the possession, transfer, or manufacture of semiautomatic assault weapons, passed in 1994, was allowed to expire in 2004.In 2005, Florida passed the Stand Your Ground law, an extension of the so-called castle doctrine, exonerating from prosecution citizens who use deadly force when confronted by an assailant, even if they could have retreated safely; Stand Your Ground laws expand that protection outside the home to any place that an individual â€Å"has a right to be. † Twenty-four states have passed similar laws. Guns, therefore, are necessary in today's society for our protection There is no point to implement gun control considering the reality that criminals will still find a way to procure guns if they want to do so.Criminals will always make sure to have access to the guns that they need to execute their crimes successfully. They usually have connections to other influential people that can provide them with the guns and weapons that they need in order to execute their crimes. The bottom line is that if the criminals want to have access to guns, they will be able to get them even if there is a gun control policy in place. This law will not stop them from having guns if they are desperate to have them.Implementing a gun control policy will not really be effective in making all guns vanish in society. This policy will also not do anything to make guns safer in society. The reality is that guns have become necessary at present so that people can safeguard themselves, their families and their properties from any harm or danger that could be done to them by criminals. Thus, if guns are already banned in society, the people can no longer have access to something that can be very effective in ensuring their safety and security (Jacobs 2002, p. 6). It is undeniable that guns have an intimidating presence and can help prevent criminals from executing their evil plans. While it may be true that people can learn self-defence to protect themselves and their families from criminals in the absence of guns, the reality is that not all people have the time and commitment to actually learn this. They will find it hard to make the necessary adjustments and be forced to learn something that is not natural for them. Thus, the gun control policy will be more detrimental to society.It is important to also face the reality that implementing the gun control policy will not do anything to make society safer. The truth is that it is not the guns that kill people. People are the ones killing one another. Thus, even if there is a gun control policy in place, people will still kill others with guns that they secured illegally if they are really desperate to do so. It can also be noticed that in most cases where guns are involved, the guns were purchased illegally and therefore unregistered (Spitzer 2009, p. 24).This only proves that guns can still be acquired by people with the ill intention to kill or hurt others even if there is a gun control policy in place. Aside from this, guns can have the capability to prevent criminals from executing their crimes without them even being used by their owners. This is because the criminals will start hesitating to pursue their evil intentions once they are able to see that the people they are trying to kill or hurt also own guns to protect themselves. This is how guns can help to reduce the crime rates in society (Lott 2010, p. 38).However, if a gun control policy is in effect, all of this will not be possible anymore as the criminals who obtained their guns illegally will have an easier time in victimizing their targets. In addition, if a gun control policy is in effect, the criminals will simply find ways to use oth er weapons so that they can still execute their evil acts. Guns are not the only weapons that can be used at present by criminals. Even the ordinary things that can be found in the environment can already be converted to dangerous weapons by criminal at present. This reality makes the gun control policy even more futile and ridiculous.